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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>72616</law_id><section_number>38.2-4232</section_number><catch_line>Standards for transactions with affiliates; adequacy of surplus; dividends and other distributions</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>38.2-4233</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="38.2">Insurance</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="42">Health Services Plans</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="2">Holding Companies</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> <span class="dictionary">Transactions</span> by <span class="dictionary">nonstock corporations</span> licensed under this chapter with their <span class="dictionary">affiliates</span> shall be subject to the following standards: <a id="paragraph-261379" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The terms shall be fair and reasonable; <a id="paragraph-261380" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#A1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Charges and fees for service performed shall be reasonable; <a id="paragraph-261381" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#A2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Expenses incurred and payments received shall be allocated to the <span class="dictionary">insurer</span> in conformity with customary <span class="dictionary">insurance</span> accounting practices consistently applied; <a id="paragraph-261382" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#A3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> The books, accounts, and records of each <span class="dictionary">party</span> shall disclose clearly and accurately the precise nature and details of the <span class="dictionary">transactions</span>; <a id="paragraph-261383" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#A4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> The <span class="dictionary">nonstock corporation</span>&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">surplus</span> following any <span class="dictionary">transaction</span> with <span class="dictionary">affiliates</span> involving more than one-sixth of one percent of admitted <span class="dictionary">assets</span> or one percent of <span class="dictionary">surplus</span> as of the immediately preceding December 31, whichever is less, shall be reasonable in relation to the <span class="dictionary">nonstock corporation</span>&#x2019;s outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs; and <a id="paragraph-261384" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#A5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A6" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> The <span class="dictionary">transaction</span> is in the best interest of the <span class="dictionary">subscribers</span>. <a id="paragraph-261385" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#A6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> For purposes of this article, in determining whether a <span class="dictionary">nonstock corporation</span>&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">surplus</span> is reasonable in relation to the <span class="dictionary">nonstock corporation</span>&#x2019;s outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs, the following factors, among others, shall be considered: <a id="paragraph-261386" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The size of the <span class="dictionary">nonstock corporation</span> as measured by its <span class="dictionary">assets</span>, <span class="dictionary">surplus</span>, reserves, business in force, and other appropriate criteria; <a id="paragraph-261387" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#B1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The <span class="dictionary">nonstock corporation</span>&#x2019;s method of operation and manner of doing business; <a id="paragraph-261388" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> The nature and extent of the <span class="dictionary">nonstock corporation</span>&#x2019;s risk-sharing arrangements; <a id="paragraph-261389" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#B3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> The quality, diversification, and liquidity of the <span class="dictionary">nonstock corporation</span>&#x2019;s investment portfolio; <a id="paragraph-261390" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#B4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> The recent past and projected future trend in the size of the <span class="dictionary">nonstock corporation</span>&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">surplus</span>; <a id="paragraph-261391" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#B5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B6" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> The adequacy of the <span class="dictionary">nonstock corporation</span>&#x2019;s reserves; and <a id="paragraph-261392" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#B6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B7" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">7.</span> The quality and liquidity of investments in subsidiaries. The <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> in its <span class="dictionary">judgment</span> may classify any investment as a nonadmitted asset for the purpose of determining the adequacy of <span class="dictionary">surplus</span>. <a id="paragraph-261393" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/38.2-4232/#B7"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1989, c. 606; 1992, c. 588.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
