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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>81143</law_id><section_number>46.2-405</section_number><catch_line>How hearings to be conducted</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>46.2-408</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="46.2">Motor Vehicles</unit><unit label="subtitle" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="II">Titling, Registration and Licensure</unit><unit label="chapter" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="3">Licensure of Drivers</unit><unit label="article" level="4" order_by="1" identifier="12">Suspension and Revocation of Licenses, Generally; Additional Penalties</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> In any such <span class="dictionary">hearing</span> all relevant and <span class="dictionary">material</span> <span class="dictionary">evidence</span> shall be received, except that: (i) the rules relating to privileged communications and privileged topics shall be observed; (ii) <span class="dictionary">hearsay</span> <span class="dictionary">evidence</span> shall be received only according to the rules of <span class="dictionary">evidence</span> prevailing in <span class="dictionary">courts</span> of record; and (iii) secondary <span class="dictionary">evidence</span> of the contents of a document shall be received only if the original is not readily available. <a id="paragraph-290821" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/46.2-405/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> All reports of inspectors and subordinates of the <span class="dictionary">Department</span> and other records and documents in the <span class="dictionary">possession</span> of the <span class="dictionary">Department</span> bearing on the case subject to the provisions of subsection A of this section shall be introduced at the <span class="dictionary">hearing</span>. Any certified copy of any <span class="dictionary">conviction</span> forwarded to the <span class="dictionary">Commissioner</span> under the provisions of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Courts to forward abstracts of records or furnish abstract data of conviction by electronic means in certain cases; records in office of Department; inspection; clerk's fee for reports" href="/46.2-383/">46.2-383</a>, shall be prima facie <span class="dictionary">evidence</span> of the <span class="dictionary">conviction</span>, and may be introduced in <span class="dictionary">evidence</span>. <a id="paragraph-290822" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/46.2-405/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> Subject to the provisions of subsection A of this section, every <span class="dictionary">party</span> shall have the right to cross-examine adverse witnesses and any inspector or subordinate of the <span class="dictionary">Department</span> whose report is in <span class="dictionary">evidence</span>, and to submit <span class="dictionary">rebuttal</span> <span class="dictionary">evidence</span>. <a id="paragraph-290823" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/46.2-405/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> The decision shall be based only on <span class="dictionary">evidence</span> received at the <span class="dictionary">hearing</span> and matters of which a <span class="dictionary">court</span> of record could take judicial notice. <a id="paragraph-290824" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/46.2-405/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7; 46-422.1; 1952, c. 544; 1958, c. 541, &#xA7; 46.1-433; 1989, c. 727.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
