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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>72754</law_id><section_number>54.1-204</section_number><catch_line>Prior convictions not to abridge rights</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>54.1-205</reference><reference>54.1-2301</reference><reference>54.1-2408.01</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="54.1">Professions and Occupations</unit><unit label="subtitle" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="II">Professions and Occupations Regulated by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Boards Within the Department</unit><unit label="chapter" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="2">General Provisions</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> A person shall not be refused a license, certificate, or registration to practice, pursue, or engage in any regulated occupation or profession solely because of a prior criminal <span class="dictionary">conviction</span>, unless the criminal <span class="dictionary">conviction</span> directly relates to the occupation or profession for which the license, certificate, or registration is sought. A regulatory board shall not use vague or arbitrary terms, including &#x201C;good moral character&#x201D; or &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">moral turpitude</span>&#x201D; to refuse a license, certificate, or registration. <a id="paragraph-262037" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> In determining whether a criminal <span class="dictionary">conviction</span> directly relates to an occupation or profession, the regulatory board shall consider the following criteria: <a id="paragraph-262038" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The nature and seriousness of the <span class="dictionary">crime</span>; <a id="paragraph-262039" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#B1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The relationship of the <span class="dictionary">crime</span> to the purpose for requiring a license to engage in the occupation; <a id="paragraph-262040" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> The extent to which the occupation or profession might offer an opportunity to engage in further criminal activity of the same type as that in which the person had been involved; <a id="paragraph-262041" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#B3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> The relationship of the <span class="dictionary">crime</span> to the ability, capacity, or fitness required to perform the duties and discharge the responsibilities of the occupation or profession; <a id="paragraph-262042" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#B4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> The extent and nature of the person&#x2019;s past criminal activity; <a id="paragraph-262043" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#B5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B6" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> The age of the person at the time of the commission of the <span class="dictionary">crime</span>; <a id="paragraph-262044" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#B6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B7" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">7.</span> The amount of time that has elapsed since the person&#x2019;s last involvement in the commission of a <span class="dictionary">crime</span>; <a id="paragraph-262045" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#B7"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B8" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">8.</span> The conduct and work activity of the person prior to and following the criminal activity; and <a id="paragraph-262046" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#B8"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B9" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">9.</span> <span class="dictionary">Evidence</span> of the person&#x2019;s rehabilitation or rehabilitative effort while incarcerated or following release. <a id="paragraph-262047" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#B9"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> A regulatory board may require any applicant for registration, licensure, or certification to submit to fingerprinting and to provide personal descriptive information to be forwarded along with the applicant&#x2019;s fingerprints through the Central Criminal Records Exchange to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the purpose of obtaining criminal history record information regarding such applicant. Such applicant shall pay the cost of the fingerprinting or a criminal records check or both.
			The regulatory board may enter into a <span class="dictionary">contract</span> to obtain the fingerprints and descriptive information as required for submission to the Central Criminal Records Exchange in a manner and format approved by the Central Criminal Records Exchange.
			The Central Criminal Records Exchange, upon receipt of an applicant&#x2019;s record or notification that no record exists, shall make a report to the regulatory board or its designee, who must belong to a governmental entity. If an applicant is denied a registration, license, or certificate because of the information appearing in his criminal history record, the regulatory board shall notify the applicant in writing of the specific <span class="dictionary">offense</span> or <span class="dictionary">offenses</span> that contributed to such denial, how the criminal history directly relates to the occupation pursuant to subsection B, and how the regulatory board weighed the rehabilitation factors in subsection B when making its decision. The information shall not be disseminated except as provided for in this section. <a id="paragraph-262048" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> A regulatory board shall consider the criminal information as contained in the applicant&#x2019;s state or national criminal history in lieu of the applicant providing certified copies of such <span class="dictionary">court</span> records in determining whether a criminal <span class="dictionary">conviction</span> directly relates to an occupation or profession or if an applicant is unfit or unsuited to engage in an occupation or profession. The regulatory board may request additional information from the applicant in making such determination. <a id="paragraph-262049" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-204/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1979, c. 408, &#xA7; 54-1.21; 1988, c. 765; 2003, c. 582; 2009, c. 667; 2025, c. 505.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
