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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>59654</law_id><section_number>54.1-2116</section_number><catch_line>Limitations upon recovery from fund; certain actions not a bar to recovery</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>54.1-2114</reference><reference>54.1-2118</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="54.1">Professions and Occupations</unit><unit label="subtitle" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="II">Professions and Occupations Regulated by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Boards Within the Department</unit><unit label="chapter" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="21">Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents</unit><unit label="article" level="4" order_by="1" identifier="2">Virginia Real Estate Transaction Recovery Act</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> The aggregate of claims by <span class="dictionary">claimants</span> against the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> based upon unpaid <span class="dictionary">judgments</span> arising out of the <span class="dictionary">improper or dishonest conduct</span> of one <span class="dictionary">regulant</span> in connection with a single transaction involving the sale, lease, or management of real property, is limited to $50,000. If a claim has been made against the <span class="dictionary">fund</span>, and the <span class="dictionary">Board</span> has reason to believe that there may be additional claims against the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> arising out of the same transaction, the <span class="dictionary">Board</span> may withhold any payment(s) from the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> for a period of not more than one year. After such one-year period, if the aggregate of claims arising out of the same transaction exceeds $50,000, such $50,000 shall be prorated by the <span class="dictionary">Board</span> among the <span class="dictionary">claimants</span> and paid from the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> in proportion to the amounts of their <span class="dictionary">judgments</span> against the <span class="dictionary">regulant</span> remaining unpaid. <a id="paragraph-218474" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2116/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> The maximum claim of one <span class="dictionary">claimant</span> against the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> based upon an unpaid <span class="dictionary">judgment</span> arising out of the <span class="dictionary">improper or dishonest conduct</span> of one <span class="dictionary">regulant</span> in connection with a single transaction involving the sale, lease, or management of real property, shall be limited to $20,000, regardless of the number of <span class="dictionary">claimants</span> and regardless of the amount of the unpaid <span class="dictionary">judgment</span> of the <span class="dictionary">claimant</span>. <a id="paragraph-218475" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2116/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> The aggregate of claims against the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> based upon unpaid <span class="dictionary">judgments</span> arising out of the <span class="dictionary">improper or dishonest conduct</span> of one <span class="dictionary">regulant</span> in connection with more than a single transaction involving the sale, lease, or management of real property is limited to $100,000 during any biennial license period, the biennial periods expiring on June 30 of each even-numbered year. If a claim has been made against the <span class="dictionary">fund</span>, and the <span class="dictionary">Board</span> has reason to believe that there may be additional claims against the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> from other transactions involving the same <span class="dictionary">regulant</span>, the <span class="dictionary">Board</span> may withhold any payment(s) from the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> involving such <span class="dictionary">regulant</span> for a period of not more than one year. After the one-year period, if the aggregate of claims against the <span class="dictionary">regulant</span> exceeds $100,000, such $100,000 shall be prorated by the <span class="dictionary">Board</span> among the <span class="dictionary">claimants</span> and paid from the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> in proportion to the amounts of their <span class="dictionary">judgments</span> against the <span class="dictionary">regulant</span> remaining unpaid. <a id="paragraph-218476" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2116/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> Excluded from the amount of any unpaid <span class="dictionary">judgment</span> upon which a claim against the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> is based shall be any sums included in the <span class="dictionary">judgment</span> which represent interest, or punitive <span class="dictionary">damages</span>. The claim against the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> may include <span class="dictionary">court</span> costs and attorney fees. <a id="paragraph-218477" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2116/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> If, at any time, the amount of the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> is insufficient to satisfy any claims, claim, or portion thereof filed with the <span class="dictionary">Board</span> and authorized by the <span class="dictionary">act</span>, the <span class="dictionary">Board</span> shall, when the amount of the <span class="dictionary">fund</span> is sufficient to satisfy some or all of such claims, claim, or portion thereof, pay the <span class="dictionary">claimants</span> in the <span class="dictionary">order</span> that such claims were filed with the <span class="dictionary">Board</span>. <a id="paragraph-218478" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2116/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="F"><p><span class="prefix-number">F.</span> Failure of a <span class="dictionary">claimant</span> to comply with the provisions of subdivisions B 1 and 2 of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Recovery from fund generally" href="/54.1-2114/">54.1-2114</a> and the provisions of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Participation by Board in proceedings" href="/54.1-2117/">54.1-2117</a> shall not be a bar to recovery under this <span class="dictionary">act</span> if the <span class="dictionary">claimant</span> is otherwise entitled to such recovery. <a id="paragraph-218479" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2116/#F"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1977, c. 69, &#xA7; 54-765.5; 1987, c. 555; 1988, c. 765; 2015, cc. 409, 710.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
