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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>85995</law_id><section_number>54.1-2139</section_number><catch_line>Disclosed dual agency and dual representation authorized in a residential real estate transaction</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>54.1-2138</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="54.1">Professions and Occupations</unit><unit label="subtitle" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="II">Professions and Occupations Regulated by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Boards Within the Department</unit><unit label="chapter" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="21">Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents</unit><unit label="article" level="4" order_by="1" identifier="3">Duties of Real Estate Brokers and Salespersons</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> A <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> may not act as a <span class="dictionary">dual agent</span> or <span class="dictionary">dual representative</span> in a <span class="dictionary">residential real estate</span> transaction unless he has first obtained the written consent of all parties to the transaction given after written disclosure of the consequences of such dual <span class="dictionary">agency</span> or dual representation. A <span class="dictionary">dual agent</span> has an <span class="dictionary">agency</span> relationship under the <span class="dictionary">brokerage agreements</span> with the <span class="dictionary">clients</span>. A <span class="dictionary">dual representative</span> has an <span class="dictionary">independent contractor</span> relationship under the <span class="dictionary">brokerage agreements</span> with the <span class="dictionary">clients</span>. Such disclosure shall be in writing and given to both parties prior to the commencement of such dual <span class="dictionary">agency</span> or dual representation. <a id="paragraph-307981" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> If the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> is currently representing a <span class="dictionary">party</span> as an agent or <span class="dictionary">independent contractor</span> representative and that <span class="dictionary">party</span> desires to engage in a real estate transaction with another existing <span class="dictionary">client</span> represented by the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span>, the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> may engage in dual representation provided that prior to commencement thereof the disclosure required by this section is given to both of the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span>&#x2019;s existing <span class="dictionary">clients</span>. <a id="paragraph-307982" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> If the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> is currently representing a <span class="dictionary">party</span> as an agent or <span class="dictionary">independent contractor</span> representative and the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> proposes to represent a new <span class="dictionary">client</span> in a dual representation, the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> may only engage in such dual representation if prior to commencement thereof, the disclosure required by this section is given to the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span>&#x2019;s one existing <span class="dictionary">client</span> and one new <span class="dictionary">client</span>. <a id="paragraph-307983" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> Such disclosures shall not be deemed to comply with the requirements in this section if (i) not signed by the <span class="dictionary">client</span> or (ii) given in a purchase agreement, lease, or any other document related to a transaction. However, such written consent and disclosure of the <span class="dictionary">brokerage relationship</span> as required by this article shall be presumed to have been given as against any <span class="dictionary">client</span> who signs a disclosure as required in this section. <a id="paragraph-307984" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> The obligation to make the disclosures required by this section shall not relieve the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> of the obligations set out in subsection C of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Commencement and termination of brokerage relationships; brokerage agreements required" href="/54.1-2137/">54.1-2137</a> requiring all <span class="dictionary">brokerage relationships</span> to be set out in a written agreement between the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> and the <span class="dictionary">client</span>. <a id="paragraph-307985" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="F"><p><span class="prefix-number">F.</span> No <span class="dictionary">cause of action</span> shall arise against a <span class="dictionary">dual agent</span> or <span class="dictionary">dual representative</span> for making disclosures of <span class="dictionary">brokerage relationships</span> as provided by this article. A <span class="dictionary">dual agent</span> or <span class="dictionary">dual representative</span> does not terminate any <span class="dictionary">brokerage relationship</span> by the making of any such allowed or required disclosures of dual <span class="dictionary">agency</span> or dual representation. <a id="paragraph-307986" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#F"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="G"><p><span class="prefix-number">G.</span> In any real estate transaction, a <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> may withdraw, without liability, from representing a <span class="dictionary">client</span> who refuses to consent to a disclosed dual <span class="dictionary">agency</span> or dual representation hereby terminating the <span class="dictionary">brokerage relationship</span> with such <span class="dictionary">client</span>. Such withdrawal shall not prejudice the ability of the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> to continue to represent the other <span class="dictionary">client</span> in the transaction nor to limit the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> from representing the <span class="dictionary">client</span> who refused the dual <span class="dictionary">agency</span> or dual representation in other transactions not involving the dual <span class="dictionary">agency</span> or dual representation. <a id="paragraph-307987" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#G"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="H"><p><span class="prefix-number">H.</span> The dual <span class="dictionary">agency</span> or dual representation disclosure in a residential transaction shall contain the following provisions and disclosure that substantially complies with the following shall be deemed in compliance with this disclosure requirement:
			DISCLOSURE OF DUAL <span class="dictionary">AGENCY</span> OR DUAL REPRESENTATION IN A <span class="dictionary">RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE</span> TRANSACTION
			The undersigned do hereby acknowledge disclosure that:
			The <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> ___________________ (name of broker or salesperson) associated with ____________________ (Brokerage Firm) represents more than one <span class="dictionary">party</span> in this <span class="dictionary">residential real estate</span> transaction as follows: <a id="paragraph-307988" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#H"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Brokerage Firm represents the following <span class="dictionary">party</span> (select one):
			[ ] Seller(s) [ ] Buyer(s) [ ] Landlord(s) [ ] Tenant(s)
			As a (select one):
			[ ] <span class="dictionary">standard agent</span> [ ] <span class="dictionary">limited service agent</span> [ ] <span class="dictionary">independent contractor</span>
			Brokerage Firm represents another <span class="dictionary">party</span> (select one):
			[ ] Seller(s) [ ] Buyer(s) [ ] Landlord(s) [ ] Tenant(s)
			As a (select one):
			[ ] <span class="dictionary">standard agent</span> [ ] <span class="dictionary">limited service agent</span> [ ] <span class="dictionary">independent contractor</span> <a id="paragraph-307989" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> Brokerage Firm disclosure and <span class="dictionary">client</span> acknowledgement of the following (select one):
			[ ] Brokerage Firm represents two existing <span class="dictionary">clients</span> in the transaction and the undersigned acknowledge the following:
			The undersigned understand that the foregoing <span class="dictionary">dual agent</span> or <span class="dictionary">dual representative</span> may not disclose to either <span class="dictionary">client</span> any information that has been given to the <span class="dictionary">dual agent</span> or representative by the other <span class="dictionary">client</span> within the confidence and trust of the <span class="dictionary">brokerage relationship</span> except for that information which is otherwise required or permitted by Article 3 (&#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/54.1-2130/">54.1-2130</a> et seq.) of Chapter 21 of Title 54.1 of the Code of Virginia to be disclosed.
			[ ] Brokerage Firm represents one existing <span class="dictionary">client</span> and one new <span class="dictionary">client</span> in the transaction and the undersigned acknowledge the following:
			The undersigned understand: <a id="paragraph-307990" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> That following the commencement of dual <span class="dictionary">agency</span> or representation, the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> cannot advise either <span class="dictionary">party</span> as to the terms to offer or accept in any offer or counteroffer; however, the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> may have advised one <span class="dictionary">party</span> as to such terms prior to the commencement of dual <span class="dictionary">agency</span> or representation; <a id="paragraph-307991" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#B1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> That the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> cannot advise the buyer <span class="dictionary">client</span> as to the suitability of the property, its condition (other than to make any disclosures as required by <span class="dictionary">law</span> of any <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> representing a seller), and cannot advise either <span class="dictionary">party</span> as to what repairs of the property to make or request; <a id="paragraph-307992" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> That the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> cannot advise either <span class="dictionary">party</span> in any dispute that arises relating to the transaction; <a id="paragraph-307993" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#B3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> That the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> may be acting without knowledge of the <span class="dictionary">client</span>&#x2019;s needs, <span class="dictionary">client</span>&#x2019;s knowledge of the market, or <span class="dictionary">client</span>&#x2019;s capabilities in dealing with the intricacies of real estate transactions; and <a id="paragraph-307994" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#B4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> That either <span class="dictionary">party</span> may engage another <span class="dictionary">licensee</span> at additional cost to represent their respective interests.
				The undersigned by signing this notice do hereby acknowledge their informed consent to the disclosed dual representation by the <span class="dictionary">licensee</span>.
				____________       _______________________
				Date                   Name (One <span class="dictionary">Party</span>)
				____________       _______________________Date                   Name (One <span class="dictionary">Party</span>)
				____________       _______________________Date                   Name (One <span class="dictionary">Party</span>)
				____________       _______________________Date                   Name (One <span class="dictionary">Party</span>) <a id="paragraph-307995" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-2139/#B5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1995, cc. 741, 813; 2011, c. 461; 2012, c. 750; 2025, cc. 479, 495.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
