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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>56998</law_id><section_number>54.1-3448</section_number><catch_line>Schedule II</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>54.1-3222</reference><reference>54.1-3303</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="54.1">Professions and Occupations</unit><unit label="subtitle" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="III">Professions and Occupations Regulated by Boards Within the Department of Health Professions</unit><unit label="chapter" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="34">Drug Control Act</unit><unit label="article" level="4" order_by="1" identifier="5">Standards and Schedules</unit></structure><text>
						<section><p>The <span class="dictionary">controlled substances</span> listed in this section are included in Schedule II:</p></section>
						<section id="1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Any of the following substances, except those <span class="dictionary">narcotic drugs</span> listed in other <span class="dictionary">schedules</span>, whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by combination of extraction and chemical synthesis:
			Opium and <span class="dictionary">opiate</span>, and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of opium or <span class="dictionary">opiate</span>, excluding apomorphine, thebaine-derived butorphanol, dextrorphan, nalbuphine, naldemedine, nalmefene, naloxone, naltrexone and their respective salts, but including the following:
			Raw opium;
			Opium extracts;
			Opium fluid extracts;
			Powdered opium;
			Granulated opium;
			Tincture of opium;
			Codeine;
			Dihydroetorphine;
			Ethylmorphine;
			Etorphine hydrochloride;
			Hydrocodone;
			Hydromorphone;
			Metopon;
			Oripavine (3-O-demethylthebaine or 6,7,8,14-tetradehydro-4, 5-alpha-epoxy-6-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3-ol);
			Morphine;
			Noroxymorphone;
			Oxycodone;
			Oxymorphone;
			Thebaine.
			Any salt, compound, <span class="dictionary">isomer</span>, derivative, or preparation thereof which is chemically equivalent or identical with any of the substances referred to in this subdivision, but not including the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium.
			<span class="dictionary">Opium poppy</span> and <span class="dictionary">poppy straw</span>.
			Coca leaves and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of coca leaves, and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation thereof which is chemically equivalent or identical with any of these substances, but not including decocainized coca leaves or extractions which do not contain cocaine or ecgonine; cocaine or any salt or <span class="dictionary">isomer</span> thereof.
			Concentrate of <span class="dictionary">poppy straw</span>, the crude extract of <span class="dictionary">poppy straw</span> in either liquid, solid or powder form, which contains the phenanthrene alkaloids of the <span class="dictionary">opium poppy</span>. <a id="paragraph-208768" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3448/#1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="2"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Any of the following <span class="dictionary">opiates</span>, including their <span class="dictionary">isomers</span>, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of <span class="dictionary">isomers</span>, whenever the existence of these <span class="dictionary">isomers</span>, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation:
			Alfentanil;
			Alphaprodine;
			Anileridine;
			Bezitramide;
			Bulk dextropropoxyphene (nondosage forms);
			Carfentanil;
			Dihydrocodeine;
			Diphenoxylate;
			Fentanyl;
			Isomethadone;
			Levo-alphacetylmethadol (levo-alpha-acetylmethadol)(levomethadyl acetate)(LAAM);
			Levomethorphan;
			Levorphanol;
			Metazocine;
			Methadone;
			Methadone &#x2014; Intermediate, 4-cyano-2-dimethylamino-4, 4-diphenyl butane;
			Moramide &#x2014; Intermediate, 2-methyl-3-morpholino-1, 1-diphenyl-propane-carboxylicacid;
			Oliceridine;
			Pethidine (other name: meperidine);
			Pethidine &#x2014; Intermediate &#x2014; A, 4-cyano-1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine;
			Pethidine &#x2014; Intermediate &#x2014; B, ethyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate;
			Pethidine &#x2014; Intermediate &#x2014; C, 1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid;
			Phenazocine;
			Piminodine;
			Racemethorphan;
			Racemorphan;
			Remifentanil;
			Sufentanil;
			Tapentadol;
			Thiafentanil. <a id="paragraph-208769" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3448/#2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="3"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Any <span class="dictionary">material</span>, compound, mixture or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a potential for abuse associated with a stimulant effect on the central nervous system:
			Amphetamine, its salts, optical <span class="dictionary">isomers</span>, and salts of its optical <span class="dictionary">isomers</span>;
			Phenmetrazine and its salts;
			Any substance which contains any quantity of methamphetamine, including its salts, <span class="dictionary">isomers</span>, and salts of <span class="dictionary">isomers</span>;
			Methylphenidate;
			Lisdexamfetamine, its salts, <span class="dictionary">isomers</span>, and salts of its <span class="dictionary">isomers</span>. <a id="paragraph-208770" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3448/#3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="4"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any <span class="dictionary">material</span>, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, <span class="dictionary">isomers</span>, and salts of <span class="dictionary">isomers</span> whenever the existence of such salts, <span class="dictionary">isomers</span>, and salts of <span class="dictionary">isomers</span> is possible within the specific chemical designation:
			Amobarbital;
			Glutethimide;
			Secobarbital;
			Pentobarbital;
			Phencyclidine. <a id="paragraph-208771" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3448/#4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="5"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> The following hallucinogenic substances:
			Nabilone;
			Dronabinol ((-)-delta-9-trans <span class="dictionary">tetrahydrocannabinol</span>) in an oral solution in a <span class="dictionary">drug product</span> approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. <a id="paragraph-208772" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3448/#5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="6"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any <span class="dictionary">material</span>, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances which are:
			a. <span class="dictionary">Immediate precursors</span> to amphetamine and methamphetamine:
			Phenylacetone.
			b. <span class="dictionary">Immediate precursor</span> to phencyclidine:
			1-phenylcyclohexylamine;
			1-piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile (other name: PCC).
			c. <span class="dictionary">Immediate precursor</span> to fentanyl:
			4-anilino-N-phenethyl-4-piperidine (ANPP). <a id="paragraph-208773" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3448/#6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1972, c. 798, &#xA7; 54-524.84:6; 1976, c. 614; 1977, c. 302; 1978, c. 833; 1979, c. 387; 1981, c. 30; 1984, c. 192; 1986, c. 463; 1988, cc. 283, 765; 1992, c. 737; 1994, c. 763; 1998, c. 105; 2000, c. 135; 2005, c. 119; 2008, c. 74; 2010, c. 423; 2011, c. 700; 2017, c. 612; 2019, c. 85; 2022, cc. 114, 115; 2024, cc. 62, 228.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
