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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>55587</law_id><section_number>54.1-3494</section_number><catch_line>Oversight, dispute resolution, and enforcement</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="54.1">Professions and Occupations</unit><unit label="subtitle" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="III">Professions and Occupations Regulated by Boards Within the Department of Health Professions</unit><unit label="chapter" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="34.1">Physical Therapy</unit><unit label="article" level="4" order_by="1" identifier="2">Physical Therapy Licensure Compact</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Oversight. <a id="paragraph-203779" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The executive, legislative, and judicial branches of state government in each member state shall enforce this Compact and take all actions necessary and appropriate to effectuate the Compact&#x2019;s purposes and <span class="dictionary">intent</span>. The provisions of this Compact and the rules promulgated hereunder shall have standing as statutory <span class="dictionary">law</span>. <a id="paragraph-203780" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#A1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> All <span class="dictionary">courts</span> shall take judicial notice of the Compact and the rules in any judicial or administrative proceeding in a member state pertaining to the subject matter of this Compact which may affect the powers, responsibilities, or actions of the Commission. <a id="paragraph-203781" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#A2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> The Commission shall be entitled to receive <span class="dictionary">service of process</span> in any such proceeding and shall have standing to intervene in such a proceeding for all purposes. Failure to provide <span class="dictionary">service of process</span> to the Commission shall render a <span class="dictionary">judgment</span> or <span class="dictionary">order</span> void as to the Commission, this Compact, or promulgated rules. <a id="paragraph-203782" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#A3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> <span class="dictionary">Default</span>, technical assistance, and termination. <a id="paragraph-203783" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> If the Commission determines that a member state has defaulted in the performance of its obligations or responsibilities under this Compact or the promulgated rules, the Commission shall:
				a. Provide written notice to the defaulting state and other member states of the nature of the <span class="dictionary">default</span>, the proposed means of curing the <span class="dictionary">default</span>, and/or any other action to be taken by the Commission; and
				b. Provide remedial training and specific technical assistance regarding the <span class="dictionary">default</span>. <a id="paragraph-203784" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#B1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> If a state in <span class="dictionary">default</span> fails to cure the <span class="dictionary">default</span>, the defaulting state may be terminated from the Compact upon an affirmative vote of a majority of the member states, and all rights, <span class="dictionary">privileges</span>, and benefits conferred by this Compact may be terminated on the effective date of termination. A cure of the <span class="dictionary">default</span> does not relieve the offending state of obligations or liabilities incurred during the period of <span class="dictionary">default</span>. <a id="paragraph-203785" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Termination of membership in the Compact shall be imposed only after all other means of securing compliance have been exhausted. Notice of <span class="dictionary">intent</span> to suspend or terminate shall be given by the Commission to the governor, the majority and minority leaders of the defaulting state&#x2019;s legislature, and each of the member states. <a id="paragraph-203786" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#B3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> A state that has been terminated is responsible for all assessments, obligations, and liabilities incurred through the effective date of termination, including obligations that extend beyond the effective date of termination. <a id="paragraph-203787" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#B4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> The Commission shall not bear any costs related to a state that is found to be in <span class="dictionary">default</span> or that has been terminated from the Compact, unless agreed upon in writing between the Commission and the defaulting state. <a id="paragraph-203788" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#B5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B6" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> The defaulting state may <span class="dictionary">appeal</span> the action of the Commission by petitioning the United States District <span class="dictionary">Court</span> for the District of Columbia or the federal district where the Commission has its principal offices. The prevailing member shall be awarded all costs of such <span class="dictionary">litigation</span>, including reasonable attorney fees. <a id="paragraph-203789" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#B6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> Dispute resolution. <a id="paragraph-203790" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Upon request by a member state, the Commission shall attempt to resolve disputes related to the Compact that arise among member states and between member and nonmember states. <a id="paragraph-203791" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#C1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The Commission shall promulgate a rule providing for both mediation and binding dispute resolution for disputes as appropriate. <a id="paragraph-203792" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#C2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> Enforcement. <a id="paragraph-203793" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The Commission, in the reasonable exercise of its discretion, shall enforce the provisions and rules of this Compact. <a id="paragraph-203794" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#D1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> By majority vote, the Commission may initiate legal action in the United States District <span class="dictionary">Court</span> for the District of Columbia or the federal district where the Commission has its principal offices against a member state in <span class="dictionary">default</span> to enforce compliance with the provisions of the Compact and its promulgated rules and bylaws. The relief sought may include both injunctive relief and <span class="dictionary">damages</span>. In the event judicial enforcement is necessary, the prevailing member shall be awarded all costs of such <span class="dictionary">litigation</span>, including reasonable attorney fees. <a id="paragraph-203795" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#D2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> The remedies herein shall not be the exclusive remedies of the Commission. The Commission may pursue any other remedies available under federal or state <span class="dictionary">law</span>. <a id="paragraph-203796" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/54.1-3494/#D3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2019, c. 300.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
