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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>81665</law_id><section_number>56-585.5</section_number><catch_line>Generation of electricity from renewable and zero carbon sources</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>56-585.1</reference><reference>56-585.5</reference><reference>56-585.8</reference><reference>56-596.5</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="56">Public Service Companies</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="23">Virginia Electric Utility Regulation Act</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> As used in this section:
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Accelerated renewable energy buyer</span>&#x201D; means a commercial or industrial customer of a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span>, irrespective of generation <span class="dictionary">supplier</span>, with an <span class="dictionary">aggregate load</span> over 25 megawatts in the prior calendar year, that enters into arrangements pursuant to subsection G, as certified by the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Aggregate load</span>&#x201D; means the combined electrical load associated with selected accounts of an <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> with the same legal entity name as, or in the names of affiliated entities that <span class="dictionary">control</span>, are controlled by, or are under common <span class="dictionary">control</span> of, such legal entity or are the names of affiliated entities under a common parent.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Control</span>&#x201D; has the same meaning as provided in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Development of offshore wind capacity" href="/56-585.1_11/">56-585.1:11</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Elementary or secondary</span>&#x201D; has the same meaning as provided in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="(Effective July 1, 2026) Definitions" href="/22.1-1/">22.1-1</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Falling water</span>&#x201D; means hydroelectric resources, including run-of-river generation from a combined pumped-storage and run-of-river facility. &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Falling water</span>&#x201D; does not include electricity generated from pumped-storage facilities.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Low-income qualifying projects</span>&#x201D; means a project that provides a minimum of 50 percent of the respective electric output to <span class="dictionary">low-income utility customers</span> as that term is defined in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/56-576/">56-576</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Phase I Utility</span>&#x201D; has the same meaning as provided in subdivision A 1 of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span>&#x201D; has the same meaning as provided in subdivision A 1 of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Previously developed project site</span>&#x201D; means any property, including related buffer areas, if any, that has been previously disturbed or developed for non-single-family residential, nonagricultural, or nonsilvicultural use, regardless of whether such property currently is being used for any purpose. &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Previously developed project site</span>&#x201D; includes a brownfield as defined in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/10.1-1230/">10.1-1230</a> or any parcel that has been previously used (i) for a retail, commercial, or industrial purpose; (ii) as a parking lot; (iii) as the site of a parking lot canopy or structure; (iv) for mining, which is any lands affected by coal mining that took place before August 3, 1977, or any lands upon which extraction activities have been permitted by the Department of Energy under Title 45.2; (v) for quarrying; or (vi) as a landfill.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Total electric energy</span>&#x201D; means <span class="dictionary">total electric energy</span> sold to <span class="dictionary">retail customers</span> in the Commonwealth service territory of a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span>, other than <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyers</span>, by the <span class="dictionary">incumbent electric utility</span> or other retail <span class="dictionary">supplier</span> of electric energy in the previous calendar year, excluding an amount equivalent to the annual percentages of the electric energy that was supplied to such customer from nuclear generating plants located within the Commonwealth in the previous calendar year, provided such nuclear units were operating by July 1, 2020, or from any zero-carbon electric generating facilities not otherwise RPS eligible sources and placed into service in the Commonwealth after July 1, 2030.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Zero-carbon electricity</span>&#x201D; means electricity generated by any generating unit that does not emit carbon dioxide as a by-product of combusting fuel to generate electricity. <a id="paragraph-292501" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> 1. By December 31, 2024, except for any coal-fired electric generating units (i) jointly owned with a <span class="dictionary">cooperative</span> utility or (ii) owned and operated by a <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> located in the coalfield region of the Commonwealth that co-fires with biomass, any Phase I and <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall retire all generating units principally fueled by oil with a rated capacity in excess of 500 megawatts and all coal-fired electric generating units operating in the Commonwealth. <a id="paragraph-292502" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> By December 31, 2045, except for biomass-fired electric generating units that do not co-fire with coal, each Phase I and II Utility shall retire all other electric generating units located in the Commonwealth that emit carbon as a by-product of combusting fuel to generate electricity. <a id="paragraph-292503" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> A Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> may <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for relief from the requirements of this subsection on the basis that the requirement would threaten the reliability or security of electric service to customers. The <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> shall consider in-state and regional transmission entity resources and shall evaluate the reliability of each proposed retirement on a case-by-case basis in ruling upon any such <span class="dictionary">petition</span>. <a id="paragraph-292504" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#B3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> Each Phase I and <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall participate in a renewable energy portfolio standard program (RPS Program) that establishes annual goals for the sale of renewable energy to all <span class="dictionary">retail customers</span> in the utility&#x2019;s service territory, other than <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyers</span> pursuant to subsection G, regardless of whether such customers purchase electric <span class="dictionary">supply</span> service from the utility or from <span class="dictionary">suppliers</span> other than the utility. To comply with the RPS Program, each Phase I and <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall procure and retire Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) originating from renewable energy standard eligible sources (RPS eligible sources). For purposes of complying with the RPS Program from 2021 to 2024, a Phase I and <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> may use RECs from any renewable energy facility, as defined in &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/56-576/">56-576</a>, provided that such facilities are located in the Commonwealth or are physically located within the PJM Interconnection, LLC (PJM) region. However, at no time during this period or thereafter may any Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> use RECs from (i) <span class="dictionary">renewable thermal energy</span>, (ii) <span class="dictionary"><span class="dictionary">renewable thermal energy</span> equivalent</span>, or (iii) biomass-fired facilities that are outside the Commonwealth. From compliance year 2025 and all years after, each Phase I and <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> may only use RECs from RPS eligible sources for compliance with the RPS Program.
			In <span class="dictionary">order</span> to qualify as RPS eligible sources, such sources must be (a) electric-generating resources that generate electric energy derived from solar or wind located in the Commonwealth or off the Commonwealth&#x2019;s Atlantic shoreline or in federal waters and interconnected directly into the Commonwealth or physically located within the PJM region; (b) <span class="dictionary">falling water</span> resources located in the Commonwealth or physically located within the PJM region that were in operation as of January 1, 2020, that are owned by a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> or for which a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> has entered into a <span class="dictionary">contract</span> prior to January 1, 2020, to purchase the energy, capacity, and renewable attributes of such <span class="dictionary">falling water</span> resources; (c) non-utility-owned resources from <span class="dictionary">falling water</span> that (1) are less than 65 megawatts, (2) began commercial operation after December 31, 1979, or (3) added incremental generation representing greater than 50 percent of the original nameplate capacity after December 31, 1979, provided that such resources are located in the Commonwealth or are physically located within the PJM region; (d) waste-to-energy or landfill gas-fired generating resources located in the Commonwealth and in operation as of January 1, 2020, provided that such resources do not use waste heat from fossil fuel combustion; (e) <span class="dictionary">geothermal heating and cooling systems</span> located in the Commonwealth; (f) <span class="dictionary">geothermal electric generating resources</span> located in the Commonwealth or physically located within the PJM region; or (g) biomass-fired facilities in operation in the Commonwealth and in operation as of January 1, 2023, that (1) <span class="dictionary">supply</span> no more than 10 percent of their annual net electrical generation to the electric grid or no more than 15 percent of their annual total useful energy to any entity other than the manufacturing facility to which the generating source is interconnected and are fueled by forest-product manufacturing residuals, including pulping liquor, bark, paper recycling residuals, biowastes, or biomass, as described in subdivisions A 1, 2, and 4 of &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Streamlined permitting process for qualified energy generators" href="/10.1-1308.1/">10.1-1308.1</a>, provided that biomass as described in subdivision A 1 of &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Streamlined permitting process for qualified energy generators" href="/10.1-1308.1/">10.1-1308.1</a> results from harvesting in accordance with best management practices for the sustainable harvesting of biomass developed and enforced by the State Forester pursuant to &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Additional powers and duties of State Forester" href="/10.1-1105/">10.1-1105</a>, or (2) are owned by a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span>, have less than 52 megawatts capacity, and are fueled by forest-product manufacturing residuals, biowastes, or biomass, as described in subdivisions A 1, 2, and 4 of &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Streamlined permitting process for qualified energy generators" href="/10.1-1308.1/">10.1-1308.1</a>, provided that biomass as described in subdivision A 1 of &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Streamlined permitting process for qualified energy generators" href="/10.1-1308.1/">10.1-1308.1</a> results from harvesting in accordance with best management practices for the sustainable harvesting of biomass developed and enforced by the State Forester pursuant to &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Additional powers and duties of State Forester" href="/10.1-1105/">10.1-1105</a>. Regardless of any future maintenance, expansion, or refurbishment activities, the total amount of RECs that may be sold by any RPS eligible source using biomass in any year shall be no more than the number of megawatt hours of electricity produced by that facility in 2022; however, in no year may any RPS eligible source using biomass sell RECs in excess of the actual megawatt-hours of electricity generated by such facility that year. In <span class="dictionary">order</span> to comply with the RPS Program, each Phase I and <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> may use and retire the environmental attributes associated with any existing owned or contracted solar, wind, <span class="dictionary">falling water</span>, or biomass electric generating resources in operation, or proposed for operation, in the Commonwealth or solar, wind, or <span class="dictionary">falling water</span> resources physically located within the PJM region, with such resource qualifying as a Commonwealth-located resource for purposes of this subsection, as of January 1, 2020, provided that such renewable attributes are verified as RECs consistent with the PJM-EIS Generation Attribute Tracking System. <a id="paragraph-292505" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The RPS Program requirements shall be a percentage of the <span class="dictionary">total electric energy</span> sold in the previous calendar year and shall be implemented in accordance with the following schedule:
				RPS Program
				Requirement
				RPS Program
				Requirement
				6%
				14%
				7%
				17%
				8%
				20%
				10%
				23%
				14%
				26%
				17%
				29%
				20%
				32%
				24%
				35%
				27%
				38%
				30%
				41%
				33%
				45%
				36%
				49%
				39%
				52%
				42%
				55%
				45%
				59%
				53%
				63%
				53%
				67%
				57%
				71%
				61%
				75%
				65%
				79%
				68%
				83%
				71%
				87%
				74%
				91%
				77%
				95%
				80%
				2045 and
				thereafter
				100%
				84%
				88%
				92%
				96%
				2050 and
				thereafter
				100% <a id="paragraph-292506" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#C1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> A <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall meet one percent of the RPS Program requirements in any given compliance year with solar, wind, or anaerobic digestion resources of one megawatt or less located in the Commonwealth, with not more than 3,000 kilowatts at any single location or at contiguous locations owned by the same entity or affiliated entities and, to the extent that <span class="dictionary">low-income qualifying projects</span> are available, then no less than 25 percent of such one percent shall be composed of <span class="dictionary">low-income qualifying projects</span>. To the extent that <span class="dictionary">low-income qualifying projects</span> are not available and projects located on or adjacent to public <span class="dictionary">elementary or secondary</span> schools are available, the remainder of no less than 25 percent of such one percent shall be composed of projects located on or adjacent to public <span class="dictionary">elementary or secondary</span> schools. A project located on or adjacent to a public <span class="dictionary">elementary or secondary</span> school shall have a contractual relationship with such school in <span class="dictionary">order</span> to qualify for the provisions of this section. <a id="paragraph-292507" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#C2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Beginning with the 2025 compliance year and thereafter, at least 75 percent of all RECs used by a <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> in a compliance period shall come from RPS eligible resources located in the Commonwealth. <a id="paragraph-292508" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#C3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> Any Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> may apply renewable energy sales achieved or RECs acquired in excess of the sales requirement for that RPS Program to the sales requirements for RPS Program requirements in the year in which it was generated and the five calendar years after the renewable energy was generated or the RECs were created. To the extent that a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> procures RECs for RPS Program compliance from resources the utility does not own, the utility shall be entitled to recover the costs of such certificates at its election pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Recovery of fuel and purchased power costs" href="/56-249.6/">56-249.6</a> or subdivision A 5 d of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a>. <a id="paragraph-292509" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#C4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> Energy from a <span class="dictionary">geothermal heating and cooling system</span> is eligible for inclusion in meeting the requirements of the RPS Program. RECs from a <span class="dictionary">geothermal heating and cooling system</span> are created based on the amount of energy, converted from BTUs to kilowatt-hours, that is generated by a <span class="dictionary">geothermal heating and cooling system</span> for space heating and cooling or water heating. The <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> shall determine the form and manner in which such RECs are verified. <a id="paragraph-292510" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#C5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> Each Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to procure <span class="dictionary">zero-carbon electricity</span> generating capacity as set forth in this subsection and energy storage resources as set forth in subsection E. To the extent that a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> constructs or acquires new zero-carbon generating facilities or energy storage resources, the utility shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for the recovery of the costs of such facilities, at the utility&#x2019;s election, either through its <span class="dictionary">rates</span> for generation and distribution services or through a <span class="dictionary">rate</span> adjustment clause pursuant to subdivision A 6 of &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a>. All costs not sought for recovery through a <span class="dictionary">rate</span> adjustment clause pursuant to subdivision A 6 of &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a> associated with generating facilities provided by sunlight or onshore or offshore wind are also eligible to be applied by the utility as a customer credit reinvestment offset as provided in subdivision A 8 of &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a>. Costs associated with the purchase of energy, capacity, or environmental attributes from facilities owned by the <span class="dictionary">persons</span> other than the utility required by this subsection shall be recovered by the utility either through its <span class="dictionary">rates</span> for generation and distribution services or pursuant to &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Recovery of fuel and purchased power costs" href="/56-249.6/">56-249.6</a>. <a id="paragraph-292511" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Each <span class="dictionary">Phase I Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to construct, acquire, or enter into agreements to purchase the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of 600 megawatts of generating capacity using energy derived from sunlight or onshore wind.
				a. By December 31, 2023, each <span class="dictionary">Phase I Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to construct, acquire, or enter into agreements to purchase the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of at least 200 megawatts of generating capacity located in the Commonwealth using energy derived from sunlight or onshore wind, and 35 percent of such generating capacity procured shall be from the purchase of energy, capacity, and environmental attributes from solar or onshore wind facilities owned by <span class="dictionary">persons</span> other than the utility, with the remainder, in the aggregate, being from construction or acquisition by such <span class="dictionary">Phase I Utility</span>.
				b. By December 31, 2027, each <span class="dictionary">Phase I Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to construct, acquire, or enter into agreements to purchase the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of at least 200 megawatts of additional generating capacity located in the Commonwealth using energy derived from sunlight or onshore wind, and 35 percent of such generating capacity procured shall be from the purchase of energy, capacity, and environmental attributes from solar or onshore wind facilities owned by <span class="dictionary">persons</span> other than the utility, with the remainder, in the aggregate, being from construction or acquisition by such <span class="dictionary">Phase I Utility</span>.
				c. By December 31, 2030, each <span class="dictionary">Phase I Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to construct, acquire, or enter into agreements to purchase the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of at least 200 megawatts of additional generating capacity located in the Commonwealth using energy derived from sunlight or onshore wind, and 35 percent of such generating capacity procured shall be from the purchase of energy, capacity, and environmental attributes from solar or onshore wind facilities owned by <span class="dictionary">persons</span> other than the utility, with the remainder, in the aggregate, being from construction or acquisition by such <span class="dictionary">Phase I Utility</span>.
				d. Nothing in this subdivision 1 shall prohibit such <span class="dictionary">Phase I Utility</span> from constructing, acquiring, or entering into agreements to purchase the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of more than 600 megawatts of generating capacity located in the Commonwealth using energy derived from sunlight or onshore wind, provided the utility receives approval from the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> pursuant to &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Transmission and distribution of electric energy" href="/56-580/">56-580</a> and <a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a>. <a id="paragraph-292512" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#D1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> By December 31, 2035, each <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to (i) construct, acquire, or enter into agreements to purchase the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of 16,100 megawatts of generating capacity located in the Commonwealth using energy derived from sunlight or onshore wind, which shall include 1,100 megawatts of solar <span class="dictionary">generation of</span> a nameplate capacity not to exceed three megawatts per individual project and 35 percent of such generating capacity procured shall be from the purchase of energy, capacity, and environmental attributes from solar facilities owned by <span class="dictionary">persons</span> other than a utility, including utility <span class="dictionary">affiliates</span> and deregulated <span class="dictionary">affiliates</span> and (ii) pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Development of offshore wind capacity" href="/56-585.1_11/">56-585.1:11</a>, construct or purchase one or more offshore wind generation facilities located off the Commonwealth&#x2019;s Atlantic shoreline or in federal waters and interconnected directly into the Commonwealth with an aggregate capacity of up to 5,200 megawatts. At least 200 megawatts of the 16,100 megawatts shall be placed on <span class="dictionary">previously developed project sites</span>.
				a. By December 31, 2024, each <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to construct, acquire, or enter into agreements to purchase the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of at least 3,000 megawatts of generating capacity located in the Commonwealth using energy derived from sunlight or onshore wind, and 35 percent of such generating capacity procured shall be from the purchase of energy, capacity, and environmental attributes from solar or onshore wind facilities owned by <span class="dictionary">persons</span> other than the utility, with the remainder, in the aggregate, being from construction or acquisition by such <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span>.
				b. By December 31, 2027, each <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to construct, acquire, or enter into agreements to purchase the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of at least 3,000 megawatts of additional generating capacity located in the Commonwealth using energy derived from sunlight or onshore wind, and 35 percent of such generating capacity procured shall be from the purchase of energy, capacity, and environmental attributes from solar or onshore wind facilities owned by <span class="dictionary">persons</span> other than the utility, with the remainder, in the aggregate, being from construction or acquisition by such <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span>.
				c. By December 31, 2030, each <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to construct, acquire, or enter into agreements to purchase the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of at least 4,000 megawatts of additional generating capacity located in the Commonwealth using energy derived from sunlight or onshore wind, and 35 percent of such generating capacity procured shall be from the purchase of energy, capacity, and environmental attributes from solar or onshore wind facilities owned by <span class="dictionary">persons</span> other than the utility, with the remainder, in the aggregate, being from construction or acquisition by such <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span>.
				d. By December 31, 2035, each <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to construct, acquire, or enter into agreements to purchase the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of at least 6,100 megawatts of additional generating capacity located in the Commonwealth using energy derived from sunlight or onshore wind, and 35 percent of such generating capacity procured shall be from the purchase of energy, capacity, and environmental attributes from solar or onshore wind facilities owned by <span class="dictionary">persons</span> other than the utility, with the remainder, in the aggregate, being from construction or acquisition by such <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span>.
				e. Nothing in this subdivision 2 shall prohibit such <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> from constructing, acquiring, or entering into agreements to purchase the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of more than 16,100 megawatts of generating capacity located in the Commonwealth using energy derived from sunlight or onshore wind, provided the utility receives approval from the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> pursuant to &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Transmission and distribution of electric energy" href="/56-580/">56-580</a> and <a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a>. <a id="paragraph-292513" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#D2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Nothing in this section shall prohibit a utility from petitioning the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> to construct or acquire <span class="dictionary">zero-carbon electricity</span> or from entering into <span class="dictionary">contracts</span> to procure the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of <span class="dictionary">zero-carbon electricity</span> generating resources in excess of the requirements in subsection B. The <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> shall determine whether to approve such <span class="dictionary">petitions</span> on a stand-alone basis pursuant to &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Transmission and distribution of electric energy" href="/56-580/">56-580</a> and <a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a>, provided that the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span>&#x2019;s review shall also consider whether the proposed generating capacity (i) is necessary to meet the utility&#x2019;s native load, (ii) is likely to lower customer fuel costs, (iii) will provide economic development opportunities in the Commonwealth, and (iv) serves a need that cannot be more affordably met with demand-side or energy storage resources.
				Each Phase I and <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall, at least once every year, conduct a request for proposals for new solar and wind resources. Such requests shall quantify and describe the utility&#x2019;s need for energy, capacity, or renewable energy certificates. The requests for proposals shall be publicly announced and made available for public review on the utility&#x2019;s website at least 45 days prior to the closing of such request for proposals. The requests for proposals shall provide, at a minimum, the following information: (a) the size, type, and timing of resources for which the utility anticipates contracting; (b) any minimum thresholds that must be met by respondents; (c) major assumptions to be used by the utility in the bid evaluation process, including environmental emission standards; (d) detailed instructions for preparing bids so that bids can be evaluated on a consistent basis; (e) the preferred general location of additional capacity; and (f) specific information concerning the factors involved in determining the price and non-price criteria used for selecting winning bids. A utility may evaluate responses to requests for proposals based on any criteria that it deems reasonable but shall at a minimum consider the following in its selection process: (1) the status of a particular project&#x2019;s development; (2) the age of existing generation facilities; (3) the demonstrated financial viability of a project and the developer; (4) a developer&#x2019;s prior experience in the field; (5) the location and effect on the transmission grid of a generation facility; (6) benefits to the Commonwealth that are associated with particular projects, including regional economic development and the use of goods and services from Virginia businesses; and (7) the environmental impacts of particular resources, including impacts on air quality within the Commonwealth and the carbon intensity of the utility&#x2019;s generation portfolio. <a id="paragraph-292514" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#D3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> In connection with the requirements of this subsection, each Phase I and <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall, commencing in 2020 and concluding in 2035, submit annually a plan and <span class="dictionary">petition</span> for approval for the development of new solar and onshore wind generation capacity. Such plan shall reflect, in the aggregate and over its duration, the requirements of subsection D concerning the allocation percentages for construction or purchase of such capacity. Such <span class="dictionary">petition</span> shall contain any request for approval to construct such facilities pursuant to subsection D of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Transmission and distribution of electric energy" href="/56-580/">56-580</a> and a request for approval or update of a <span class="dictionary">rate</span> adjustment clause pursuant to subdivision A 6 of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a> to recover the costs of such facilities. Such plan shall also include the utility&#x2019;s plan to meet the energy storage project targets of subsection E, including the goal of installing at least 10 percent of such energy storage projects behind the meter. In determining whether to approve the utility&#x2019;s plan and any associated <span class="dictionary">petition</span> requests, the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> shall determine whether they are reasonable and prudent and shall give due consideration to (i) the RPS and carbon dioxide reduction requirements in this section; (ii) the promotion of new renewable generation and energy storage resources within the Commonwealth, and associated economic development; and (iii) fuel savings projected to be achieved by the plan. Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span>&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">final order</span> regarding any such <span class="dictionary">petition</span> and associated requests shall be entered by the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> not more than six months after the date of the filing of such <span class="dictionary">petition</span>. <a id="paragraph-292515" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#D4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> If, in any year, a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> is unable to meet the compliance obligation of the RPS Program requirements or if the cost of RECs necessary to comply with RPS Program requirements exceeds $45 per megawatt hour, such <span class="dictionary">supplier</span> shall be obligated to make a deficiency payment equal to $45 for each megawatt-hour shortfall for the year of noncompliance, except that the deficiency payment for any shortfall in procuring RECs for solar, wind, or anaerobic digesters located in the Commonwealth shall be $75 per megawatts hour for resources one megawatt and lower. The amount of any deficiency payment shall increase by one percent annually after 2021. A Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall be entitled to recover the costs of such payments as a cost of compliance with the requirements of this subsection pursuant to subdivision A 5 d of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a>. All proceeds from the deficiency payments shall be deposited into an interest-bearing account administered by the Department of Energy. In administering this account, the Department of Energy shall manage the account as follows: (i) 50 percent of total revenue shall be directed to job training programs in historically economically disadvantaged communities; (ii) 16 percent of total revenue shall be directed to energy efficiency measures for public facilities; (iii) 30 percent of total revenue shall be directed to renewable energy programs located in historically economically disadvantaged communities; and (iv) four percent of total revenue shall be directed to administrative costs.
				For any project constructed pursuant to this subsection or subsection E, a utility shall, subject to a competitive procurement process, procure equipment from a Virginia-based or United States-based manufacturer using <span class="dictionary">materials</span> or product components made in Virginia or the United States, if reasonably available and competitively priced. <a id="paragraph-292516" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#D5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> To enhance reliability and performance of the utility&#x2019;s generation and distribution system, each Phase I and <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to construct or acquire new, utility-owned energy storage resources. <a id="paragraph-292517" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> By December 31, 2035, each <span class="dictionary">Phase I Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to construct or acquire 400 megawatts of energy storage capacity. Nothing in this subdivision shall prohibit a <span class="dictionary">Phase I Utility</span> from constructing or acquiring more than 400 megawatts of energy storage, provided that the utility receives approval from the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> pursuant to &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Transmission and distribution of electric energy" href="/56-580/">56-580</a> and <a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a>. <a id="paragraph-292518" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#E1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> By December 31, 2035, each <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall <span class="dictionary">petition</span> the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for necessary approvals to construct or acquire 2,700 megawatts of energy storage capacity. Nothing in this subdivision shall prohibit a <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> from constructing or acquiring more than 2,700 megawatts of energy storage, provided that the utility receives approval from the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> pursuant to &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Transmission and distribution of electric energy" href="/56-580/">56-580</a> and <a class="law" title="Generation, distribution, and transmission rates after capped rates terminate or expire" href="/56-585.1/">56-585.1</a>. <a id="paragraph-292519" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#E2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> No single energy storage project shall exceed 500 megawatts in size, except that a <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> may procure a single energy storage project up to 800 megawatts. <a id="paragraph-292520" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#E3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> All energy storage projects procured pursuant to this subsection shall meet the competitive procurement protocols established in subdivision D 3. <a id="paragraph-292521" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#E4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> After July 1, 2020, at least 35 percent of the energy storage facilities placed into service shall be (i) purchased by the public utility from a <span class="dictionary">party</span> other than the public utility or (ii) owned by a <span class="dictionary">party</span> other than a public utility, with the capacity from such facilities sold to the public utility. By January 1, 2021, the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> shall adopt regulations to achieve the deployment of energy storage for the Commonwealth required in subdivisions 1 and 2, including regulations that set interim targets and update existing utility planning and procurement rules. The regulations shall include programs and mechanisms to deploy energy storage, including competitive solicitations, behind-the-meter incentives, non-wires alternatives programs, and peak demand reduction programs. <a id="paragraph-292522" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#E5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="F"><p><span class="prefix-number">F.</span> All costs incurred by a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> related to compliance with the requirements of this section or pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Development of offshore wind capacity" href="/56-585.1_11/">56-585.1:11</a>, including (i) costs of generation facilities powered by sunlight or onshore or offshore wind, or energy storage facilities, that are constructed or acquired by a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> after July 1, 2020, (ii) costs of capacity, energy, or environmental attributes from generation facilities powered by sunlight or onshore or offshore wind, or <span class="dictionary">falling water</span>, or energy storage facilities purchased by the utility from <span class="dictionary">persons</span> other than the utility through agreements after July 1, 2020, and (iii) all other costs of compliance, including costs associated with the purchase of RECs associated with RPS Program requirements pursuant to this section shall be recovered from all <span class="dictionary">retail customers</span> in the service territory of a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> as a non-bypassable charge, irrespective of the generation <span class="dictionary">supplier</span> of such customer, except (a) as provided in subsection G for an <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> or (b) as provided in subdivision C 3 of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Development of offshore wind capacity" href="/56-585.1_11/">56-585.1:11</a>, with respect to the costs of an offshore wind generation facility, for a PIPP eligible utility customer or an advanced clean energy buyer or qualifying large general service customer, as those terms are defined in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Development of offshore wind capacity" href="/56-585.1_11/">56-585.1:11</a>. If a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> serves customers in more than one <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>, such utility shall recover all of the costs of compliance with the RPS Program requirements from its Virginia customers through the applicable cost recovery mechanism, and all associated energy, capacity, and environmental attributes shall be assigned to Virginia to the extent that such costs are requested but not recovered from any system customers outside the Commonwealth.
			By September 1, 2020, the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> shall direct the initiation of a proceeding for each Phase I and <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> to review and determine the amount of such costs, net of benefits, that should be allocated to <span class="dictionary">retail customers</span> within the utility&#x2019;s service territory which have elected to receive electric <span class="dictionary">supply</span> service from a <span class="dictionary">supplier</span> of electric energy other than the utility, and shall direct that tariff provisions be implemented to recover those costs from such customers beginning no later than January 1, 2021. Thereafter, such charges and tariff provisions shall be updated and trued up by the utility on an annual basis, subject to continuing review and approval by the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span>. <a id="paragraph-292523" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#F"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="G"><p><span class="prefix-number">G.</span> 1. An <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> may <span class="dictionary">contract</span> with a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span>, or a <span class="dictionary">person</span> other than a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span>, to obtain (i) RECs from RPS eligible resources or (ii) bundled capacity, energy, and RECs from solar or, wind, or <span class="dictionary">zero-carbon electricity</span> generation resources located within the PJM region and initially placed in commercial operation after January 1, 2015, including any <span class="dictionary">contract</span> with a utility for such generation resources that does not allocate the cost of such resources to or recover the cost of such resources from any other customers of the utility that have not voluntarily agreed to pay such cost. Such an <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> may offset all or a portion of its electric load for purposes of RPS compliance through such arrangements. An <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> shall be exempt from the assignment of non-bypassable RPS compliance costs pursuant to subsection F, with the exception of the costs of an offshore wind generating facility pursuant to &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Development of offshore wind capacity" href="/56-585.1_11/">56-585.1:11</a>, based on the amount of RECs obtained pursuant to this subsection in proportion to the customer&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">total electric energy</span> consumption, on an annual basis. An <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> may also <span class="dictionary">contract</span> with a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span>, or a <span class="dictionary">person</span> other than a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span>, to obtain capacity from energy storage facilities located within the network service area of the utility pursuant to this subsection, provided that the costs of such resources are not recovered from any of the utility&#x2019;s customers who have not voluntarily agreed to pay for such costs. Such <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> shall be exempt from the assignment of non-bypassable RPS Program compliance costs specifically associated with energy storage facilities pursuant to this subsection in proportion to the customer&#x2019;s total capacity demand on an annual basis. An <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> obtaining RECs only shall not be exempt from costs related to procurement of new solar or onshore wind generation capacity, energy, or environmental attributes, or energy storage facilities, by the utility pursuant to subsections D and E, however, an <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> that is a customer of a <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> and was subscribed, as of March 1, 2020, to a voluntary companion experimental tariff offering of the utility for the purchase of renewable attributes from renewable energy facilities that requires a renewable facilities agreement and the purchase of a minimum of 2,000 renewable attributes annually, shall be exempt from allocation of the net costs related to procurement of new solar or onshore wind generation capacity, energy, or environmental attributes, or energy storage facilities, by the utility pursuant to subsections D and E, based on the amount of RECs associated with the customer&#x2019;s renewable facilities agreements associated with such tariff offering as of that date in proportion to the customer&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">total electric energy</span> consumption, on an annual basis. To the extent that an <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> <span class="dictionary">contracts</span> for the capacity of new solar or wind generation resources or energy storage facilities pursuant to this subsection, the aggregate amount of such nameplate capacity shall be offset from the utility&#x2019;s procurement requirements pursuant to subsection D. All RECs associated with <span class="dictionary">contracts</span> entered into by an <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> with the utility, or a <span class="dictionary">person</span> other than the utility, for an RPS Program shall not be credited to the utility&#x2019;s compliance with its RPS requirements, and the calculation of the utility&#x2019;s RPS Program requirements shall not include the electric load covered by customers certified as <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyers</span>. <a id="paragraph-292524" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#G"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="G2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Each Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> shall certify, and verify as necessary, to the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> that the <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> has satisfied the exemption requirements of this subsection for each year, or an <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> may choose to certify satisfaction of this exemption by reporting to the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> individually. The <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> may promulgate such rules and regulations as may be necessary to implement the provisions of this subsection. <a id="paragraph-292525" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#G2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="G3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Provided that no incremental costs associated with any <span class="dictionary">contract</span> between a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> and an <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> is allocated to or recovered from any other customer of the utility, any such <span class="dictionary">contract</span> with an <span class="dictionary">accelerated renewable energy buyer</span> that is a jurisdictional customer of the utility shall not be deemed a special <span class="dictionary">rate</span> or <span class="dictionary">contract</span> requiring <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> approval pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="All rates, tolls, etc., to be just and reasonable to jurisdictional customers; findings and conclusions to be set forth; alternative forms of regulation for electric companies" href="/56-235.2/">56-235.2</a>. <a id="paragraph-292526" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#G3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="G4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> The State <span class="dictionary">Corporation</span> <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> shall ensure that any distribution and transmission costs associated with new energy generation resources procured pursuant to subsection G of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Generation of electricity from renewable and zero carbon sources" href="/56-585.5/">56-585.5</a> of the Code of Virginia, as amended by this act, are justly and reasonably allocated. <a id="paragraph-292527" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#G4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="H"><p><span class="prefix-number">H.</span> No customer of a <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> with a peak demand in excess of 100 megawatts in 2019 that elected pursuant to subdivision A 3 of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Schedule for transition to retail competition; Commission authority; exemptions; pilot programs" href="/56-577/">56-577</a> to purchase electric energy from a competitive service provider prior to April 1, 2019, shall be allocated any non-bypassable charges pursuant to subsection F for such period that the customer is not purchasing electric energy from the utility, and such customer&#x2019;s electric load shall not be included in the utility&#x2019;s RPS Program requirements. No customer of a <span class="dictionary">Phase I Utility</span> that elected pursuant to subdivision A 3 of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Schedule for transition to retail competition; Commission authority; exemptions; pilot programs" href="/56-577/">56-577</a> to purchase electric energy from a competitive service provider prior to February 1, 2019, shall be allocated any non-bypassable charges pursuant to subsection F for such period that the customer is not purchasing electric energy from the utility, and such customer&#x2019;s electric load shall not be included in the utility&#x2019;s RPS Program requirements. <a id="paragraph-292528" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#H"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="I"><p><span class="prefix-number">I.</span> In any <span class="dictionary">petition</span> by a Phase I or <span class="dictionary">Phase II Utility</span> for a certificate of public convenience and necessity to construct and operate an electrical generating facility that generates electric energy derived from sunlight submitted pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Transmission and distribution of electric energy" href="/56-580/">56-580</a>, such utility shall demonstrate that the proposed facility was subject to competitive procurement or solicitation as set forth in subdivision D 3. <a id="paragraph-292529" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#I"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="J"><p><span class="prefix-number">J.</span> Notwithstanding any contrary provision of <span class="dictionary">law</span>, for the purposes of this section, any <span class="dictionary">falling water</span> generation facility located in the Commonwealth and commencing commercial operations prior to July 1, 2024, shall be considered a renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS) eligible source. <a id="paragraph-292530" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#J"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="K"><p><span class="prefix-number">K.</span> Nothing in this section shall apply to any entity organized under Chapter 9.1 (&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/56-231.15/">56-231.15</a> et seq.). <a id="paragraph-292531" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#K"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="L"><p><span class="prefix-number">L.</span> The <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> shall adopt such rules and regulations as may be necessary to implement the provisions of this section, including a requirement that participants verify whether the RPS Program requirements are met in accordance with this section. <a id="paragraph-292532" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-585.5/#L"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2020, cc. 1193, 1194; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 140, 328, 532; 2023, cc. 732, 803, 804; 2024, cc. 596, 597; 2025, cc. 707, 708, 713, 714.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
