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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>77066</law_id><section_number>56-593</section_number><catch_line>Retail customers&amp;#8217; private right of action; marketing practices</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="56">Public Service Companies</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="23">Virginia Electric Utility Regulation Act</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> No entity subject to this chapter shall use any deception, <span class="dictionary">fraud</span>, <span class="dictionary">false pretense</span>, misrepresentation, or any deceptive or unfair practices in providing, distributing or marketing electric service. <a id="paragraph-276506" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-593/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> 1. Any <span class="dictionary">person</span> who suffers loss (i) as the result of marketing practices, including telemarketing practices, engaged in by any <span class="dictionary">public service company</span>, licensed <span class="dictionary">supplier</span>, <span class="dictionary">aggregator</span> or any other provider of any service made competitive under this chapter, and in violation of subsection C of &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Consumer education and marketing practices" href="/56-592/">56-592</a>, including any rule or regulation adopted by the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> pursuant thereto, or (ii) as the result of any violation of subsection A, shall be entitled to initiate an action to recover actual <span class="dictionary">damages</span>, or $500, whichever is greater. If the trier of <span class="dictionary">fact</span> finds that the violation was willful, it may increase <span class="dictionary">damages</span> to an amount not exceeding three times the actual <span class="dictionary">damages</span> sustained, or $1,000, whichever is greater. <a id="paragraph-276507" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-593/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Upon referral from the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span>, the <span class="dictionary">Attorney General</span>, the attorney for the Commonwealth, or the attorney for any city, county, or town may cause an action to be brought in the appropriate <span class="dictionary">circuit</span> <span class="dictionary">court</span> for relief of violations within the scope of (i) subsection C of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Consumer education and marketing practices" href="/56-592/">56-592</a>, including any rule or regulation adopted by the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> pursuant thereto or (ii) subsection A. <a id="paragraph-276508" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-593/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> Notwithstanding any other provision of <span class="dictionary">law</span> to the contrary, in addition to any <span class="dictionary">damages</span> awarded, such <span class="dictionary">person</span>, or any governmental agency initiating such action, also may be awarded reasonable attorney&#x2019;s fees and <span class="dictionary">court</span> costs. <a id="paragraph-276509" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-593/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> Any action pursuant to this section shall be commenced within two years after its accrual. The <span class="dictionary">cause of action</span> shall accrue as provided in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Accrual of right of action" href="/8.01-230/">8.01-230</a>. However, if the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> initiates proceedings, or any other governmental agency files suit for the purpose of enforcing subsection A of this section or the provisions of subsection C of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Consumer education and marketing practices" href="/56-592/">56-592</a>, the time during which such proceeding or governmental suit and all <span class="dictionary">appeals</span> therefrom is pending shall not be counted as any part of the period within which an action under this section shall be brought. <a id="paragraph-276510" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-593/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> The <span class="dictionary">circuit</span> <span class="dictionary">court</span> may make such additional <span class="dictionary">orders</span> or <span class="dictionary">decrees</span> as may be necessary to restore to any identifiable <span class="dictionary">person</span> any money or property, real, personal, or mixed, tangible or intangible, which may have been acquired from such <span class="dictionary">person</span> by means of any act or practice violative of subsection A of this section or subsection C of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Consumer education and marketing practices" href="/56-592/">56-592</a>, provided, that such <span class="dictionary">person</span> shall be identified by <span class="dictionary">order</span> of the <span class="dictionary">court</span> within 180 days from the date of any <span class="dictionary">order</span> permanently enjoining the unlawful act or practice. <a id="paragraph-276511" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-593/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="F"><p><span class="prefix-number">F.</span> In any case arising under this section, no liability shall be imposed upon any licensed <span class="dictionary">supplier</span>, <span class="dictionary">aggregator</span> or any other provider of any service made competitive under this chapter, who shows by a <span class="dictionary">preponderance of the evidence</span> that (i) the act or practice alleged to be in violation of subsection A of this section or subsection C of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Consumer education and marketing practices" href="/56-592/">56-592</a> was an act or practice over which the same had no control or (ii) the alleged violation resulted from a bona fide error notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adopted to avoid a violation. However, nothing in this section shall prevent the <span class="dictionary">court</span> from ordering <span class="dictionary">restitution</span> and payment of reasonable attorney&#x2019;s fees and <span class="dictionary">court</span> costs pursuant to subsection C to individuals aggrieved as a result of an unintentional violation of subsection A of this section or subsection C of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Consumer education and marketing practices" href="/56-592/">56-592</a>. <a id="paragraph-276512" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/56-593/#F"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1999, c. 411; 2000, c. 991.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
