4. All excise taxes on sports betting paid pursuant to federal law. “Amateur sports” means any sports or athletic event that is not professional sports, college sports, Virginia college sports, or youth sports. “Amateur sports” includes domestic, international, and Olympic sports or athletic events. “Amateur sports” does not include charitable gaming, as defined in § 18.2-340.16; fantasy contests, as defined in § 59.1-556; or horse racing, as defined in § 59.1-365. “College sports” means an athletic event (i) in which at least one participant is a team from a public or private institution of higher education, regardless of where such institution is located, and (ii) that does not include a team from a Virginia public or private institution of higher education. “Covered persons” means athletes; umpires, referees, and officials; personnel associated with clubs, teams, leagues, and athletic associations; medical professionals and athletic trainers who provide services to athletes and players; and the immediate family members and associates of such persons. “Gross revenue” means the total of all cash, property, or any other form of remuneration, whether collected or not, received by a permittee from its sports betting operations. “Major league sports franchise” means a professional baseball, basketball, football, hockey, or soccer team that is at the highest-level league of play for its respective sport. “Motor sports facility” means an outdoor motor sports facility that hosts a National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) national touring race. “Official league data” means statistics, results, outcomes, and other data relating to a professional sports event obtained by a permit holder under an agreement with a sports governing body or with an entity expressly authorized by a sports governing body for determining the outcome of tier 2 bets. “Permit holder” means a person to which the Director issues a permit pursuant to §§ 58.1-4032 and 58.1-4033. “Personal biometric data” means any information about an athlete that is derived from his DNA, heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration rate, internal or external body temperature, hormone levels, glucose levels, hydration levels, vitamin levels, bone density, muscle density, or sleep patterns, or other information as may be prescribed by the Board by regulation. “Principal” means any individual who solely or together with his immediate family members (i) owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent or more of the pecuniary interest in any entity that is a permit holder or (ii) has the power to vote or cause the vote of five percent or more of the voting securities or other ownership interests of such entity. “Principal” includes any individual who is employed in a managerial capacity for a sports betting platform or sports betting facility on behalf of a permit holder. “Professional sports” means an athletic event involving at least two human competitors who receive compensation, in excess of their expenses, for participating in such event. “Professional sports” does not include charitable gaming, as defined in § 18.2-340.16; fantasy contests, as defined in § 59.1-556; or horse racing, as defined in § 59.1-365. “Prohibited conduct” means any statement, action, or other communication intended to influence, manipulate, or control a betting outcome of a sports event or of any individual occurrence or performance in a sports event in exchange for financial gain or to avoid financial or physical harm. “Prohibited conduct” includes statements, actions, and communications made to a covered person by a third party. “Prohibited conduct” does not include statements, actions, or communications made or sanctioned by a sports team or sports governing body. “Proposition bet” means a bet on an individual action, statistic, occurrence, or non-occurrence to be determined during an athletic event and includes any such action, statistic, occurrence, or non-occurrence that does not directly affect the final outcome of the athletic event to which it relates. “Sports betting” means placing wagers on professional sports, college sports, amateur sports, sporting events, or any other event approved by the Director, and any portion thereof, and includes placing wagers related to the individual performance statistics of athletes in such sports and events. “Sports betting” includes any system or method of wagering approved by the Director, including single-game bets, teaser bets, parlays, over-under, moneyline, pools, exchange wagering, in-game wagering, in-play bets, proposition bets, and straight bets. “Sports betting” does not include participating in charitable gaming authorized by Article 1.1:1 (§ 18.2-340.15 et seq.) of Chapter 8 of Title 18.2; participating in any lottery game authorized under Article 1 (§ 58.1-4000 et seq.); wagering on horse racing authorized by Chapter 29 (§ 59.1-364 et seq.) of Title 59.1; or participating in fantasy contests authorized by Chapter 51 (§ 59.1-556 et seq.) of Title 59.1. “Sports betting” does not include placing a wager on a college sports event in which a Virginia public or private institution of higher education is a participant. “Sports betting facility” means an area, kiosk, or device located inside a casino gaming establishment licensed pursuant to Chapter 41 (§ 58.1-4100 et seq.) that is designated for sports betting. “Sports betting permit” means a permit to operate a sports betting platform or sports betting facility issued pursuant to the provisions of §§ 58.1-4032, 58.1-4033, and 58.1-4034. “Sports betting platform” means a website, app, or other platform accessible via the Internet or mobile, wireless, or similar communications technology that sports bettors use to participate in sports betting. “Sports betting program” means the program established by the Board to allow sports betting as described in this article. “Sports bettor” means a person physically located in Virginia who participates in sports betting. “Sports event” or “sporting event” means professional sports, college sports, amateur sports, and any athletic event, motor race event, electronic sports event, competitive video game event, or any other event approved by the Director. “Sports governing body” means an organization, headquartered in the United States, that prescribes rules and enforces codes of conduct with respect to a professional sports or college sports event and the participants therein. “Sports governing body” includes a designee of the sports governing body. “Stadium” means the physical facility that is the primary location at which a major league sports franchise hosts athletic events and any appurtenant facilities. “Tier 1 bet” means a bet that is placed using the Internet and that is not a tier 2 bet. “Tier 2 bet” means a bet that is placed using the Internet and that is placed after the event it concerns has started. “Virginia college sports” means an athletic event in which at least one participant is a team from a Virginia public or private institution of higher education. “Youth sports” means an athletic event (i) involving a majority of participants under age 18 or (ii) in which at least one participant is a team from a public or private elementary, middle, or secondary school, regardless of where such school is located. However, if an athletic event meets the definition of college sports or professional sports, such event shall not be considered youth sports regardless of the age of the participants. An international athletic event organized by the International Olympic Committee shall not be considered to be youth sports, regardless of the age of the participants.