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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>67829</law_id><section_number>59.1-493</section_number><catch_line>Time and place of sending and receipt</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>58.1-3378</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="59.1">Trade and Commerce</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="42.1">Uniform Electronic Transactions Act</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> Unless otherwise agreed between the sender and the recipient, an <span class="dictionary">electronic record</span> is sent when it: <a id="paragraph-245656" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Is addressed properly or otherwise directed properly to an <span class="dictionary">information processing system</span> that the recipient has designated or uses for the purpose of receiving <span class="dictionary">electronic records</span> or information of the type sent and from which the recipient is able to retrieve the <span class="dictionary">electronic record</span>; <a id="paragraph-245657" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Is in a form capable of being processed by that system; and <a id="paragraph-245658" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Enters an <span class="dictionary">information processing system</span> outside the control of the sender or of a <span class="dictionary">person</span> that sent the <span class="dictionary">electronic record</span> on behalf of the sender or enters a region of the <span class="dictionary">information processing system</span> designated or used by the recipient which is under the control of the recipient. <a id="paragraph-245659" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#a3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> Unless otherwise agreed between a sender and the recipient, an <span class="dictionary">electronic record</span> is received when: <a id="paragraph-245660" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> It enters an <span class="dictionary">information processing system</span> that the recipient has designated or uses for the purpose of receiving <span class="dictionary">electronic records</span> or information of the type sent and from which the recipient is able to retrieve the <span class="dictionary">electronic record</span>; and <a id="paragraph-245661" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#b1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> It is in a form capable of being processed by that system. <a id="paragraph-245662" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#b2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> Subsection (b) applies even if the place the <span class="dictionary">information processing system</span> is located is different from the place the <span class="dictionary">electronic record</span> is deemed to be received under subsection (d). <a id="paragraph-245663" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> Unless otherwise expressly provided in the <span class="dictionary">electronic record</span> or agreed between the sender and the recipient, an <span class="dictionary">electronic record</span> is deemed to be sent from the sender&#x2019;s place of business and to be received at the recipient&#x2019;s place of business. For purposes of this subsection, the following rules apply: <a id="paragraph-245664" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> If the sender or recipient has more than one place of business, the place of business of that <span class="dictionary">person</span> is the place having the closest relationship to the underlying <span class="dictionary">transaction</span>. <a id="paragraph-245665" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#d1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> If the sender or the recipient does not have a place of business, the place of business is the sender&#x2019;s or recipient&#x2019;s residence, as the case may be. <a id="paragraph-245666" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#d2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> An <span class="dictionary">electronic record</span> is received under subsection (b) even if no individual is aware of its receipt. <a id="paragraph-245667" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f"><p><span class="prefix-number">f.</span> Receipt of an electronic acknowledgment from an <span class="dictionary">information processing system</span> described in subsection (b) establishes that a record was received but, by itself, does not establish that the content sent corresponds to the content received. <a id="paragraph-245668" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#f"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="g"><p><span class="prefix-number">g.</span> If a <span class="dictionary">person</span> is aware that an <span class="dictionary">electronic record</span> purportedly sent under subsection (a), or purportedly received under subsection (b), was not actually sent or received, the legal effect of the sending or receipt is determined by other applicable <span class="dictionary">law</span>. Except to the extent permitted by the other <span class="dictionary">law</span>, the requirements of this subsection may not be varied by <span class="dictionary">agreement</span>. <a id="paragraph-245669" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-493/#g"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2000, c. 995.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
