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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>87480</law_id><section_number>59.1-501.15</section_number><catch_line>Variation by agreement; commercial practice</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>59.1-501.6</reference><reference>59.1-504.4</reference><reference>59.1-504.5</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="59.1">Trade and Commerce</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="43">Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="1">General Provisions</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> The effect of any provision of this chapter, including an allocation of risk or imposition of a burden, may be varied by agreement of the parties. <a id="paragraph-313163" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> The following rules are not variable by agreement: <a id="paragraph-313164" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Obligations of good faith, diligence, reasonableness, and care imposed by this chapter may not be disclaimed by agreement, but the parties by agreement may determine the standards by which the performance of the obligation is to be measured if the standards are not manifestly unreasonable; <a id="paragraph-313165" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#b1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The limitations on enforceability imposed by unconscionability under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Unconscionable contract or term" href="/59.1-501.11/">59.1-501.11</a> and fundamental public policy under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Relation to federal law; fundamental public policy; transactions subject to other state law" href="/59.1-501.5/">59.1-501.5</a> (b) may not be varied by agreement; and <a id="paragraph-313166" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#b2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Limitations on enforceability of, or agreement to, a <span class="dictionary">contract</span>, term, or right expressly stated in the sections listed in the following subsections may not be varied by agreement except to the extent provided in each section: <a id="paragraph-313167" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#b3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> the limitations on agreed choice of <span class="dictionary">law</span> in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Choice of law" href="/59.1-501.9/">59.1-501.9</a> (a); <a id="paragraph-313168" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> the limitations on agreed choice of forum in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Contractual choice of forum" href="/59.1-501.10/">59.1-501.10</a>; <a id="paragraph-313169" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> the requirements for manifesting assent in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Manifesting assent" href="/59.1-501.12/">59.1-501.12</a> and opportunity for review in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Opportunity to review" href="/59.1-501.13_1/">59.1-501.13:1</a>; <a id="paragraph-313170" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> the limitations on enforceability in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Formal requirements" href="/59.1-502.1/">59.1-502.1</a>; <a id="paragraph-313171" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> the limitations on a mass-market license in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Mass-market license" href="/59.1-502.9/">59.1-502.9</a>; <a id="paragraph-313172" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="F"><p><span class="prefix-number">F.</span> the consumer defense arising from an electronic error in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Electronic error; consumer defenses" href="/59.1-502.14/">59.1-502.14</a>; <a id="paragraph-313173" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#F"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="G"><p><span class="prefix-number">G.</span> the requirements for an enforceable term in &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Modification and rescission" href="/59.1-503.3/">59.1-503.3</a> (b), <a class="law" title="Interpretation and requirements for grant" href="/59.1-503.7/">59.1-503.7</a> (f), <a class="law" title="Disclaimer or modification of warranty" href="/59.1-504.6/">59.1-504.6</a> (b) and (c), and <a class="law" title="Liquidation of damages" href="/59.1-508.4/">59.1-508.4</a> (a); <a id="paragraph-313174" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#G"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="H"><p><span class="prefix-number">H.</span> the requirements of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Continuing contractual terms" href="/59.1-503.4/">59.1-503.4</a> (b) (2); <a id="paragraph-313175" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#H"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="I"><p><span class="prefix-number">I.</span> the limitations on a financier in &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Financing if financier does not become licensee" href="/59.1-505.7/">59.1-505.7</a> through <a class="law" title="Financing arrangements; effect on licensor's rights" href="/59.1-505.11/">59.1-505.11</a>; <a id="paragraph-313176" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#I"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="J"><p><span class="prefix-number">J.</span> the restrictions on altering the period of limitations in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Limitation of actions" href="/59.1-508.5/">59.1-508.5</a> (a) and (b); and <a id="paragraph-313177" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#J"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="K"><p><span class="prefix-number">K.</span> the limitations on self-help repossession in &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Right to possession and to prevent use" href="/59.1-508.15/">59.1-508.15</a> (b) and <a class="law" title="Limitations on electronic self-help" href="/59.1-508.16/">59.1-508.16</a>. <a id="paragraph-313178" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-501.15/#K"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2004, c. 794.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
