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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>83760</law_id><section_number>59.1-508.4</section_number><catch_line>Liquidation of damages</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>59.1-501.15</reference><reference>59.1-508.1</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="59.1">Trade and Commerce</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="43">Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="8">Remedies</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> <span class="dictionary">Damages</span> for breach of <span class="dictionary">contract</span> by either <span class="dictionary">party</span> may be liquidated by agreement in an amount that is reasonable in light of: <a id="paragraph-300259" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-508.4/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> the loss anticipated at the time of contracting; <a id="paragraph-300260" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-508.4/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> the actual loss; or <a id="paragraph-300261" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-508.4/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> the actual or anticipated difficulties of proving loss in the event of breach. <a id="paragraph-300262" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-508.4/#a3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> If a term liquidating <span class="dictionary">damages</span> is unenforceable under this subsection, the <span class="dictionary">aggrieved party</span> may pursue the remedies provided in this chapter, except as limited by other terms of the <span class="dictionary">contract</span>. <a id="paragraph-300263" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-508.4/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> If a party justifiably withholds delivery of copies because of the other party&#x2019;s breach of <span class="dictionary">contract</span>, the party in breach is entitled to <span class="dictionary">restitution</span> for any amount by which the sum of the payments it made for the copies exceeds the amount of the liquidated <span class="dictionary">damages</span> payable to the <span class="dictionary">aggrieved party</span> in accordance with subsection (a). The right to <span class="dictionary">restitution</span> is subject to offset to the extent that the <span class="dictionary">aggrieved party</span> establishes: <a id="paragraph-300264" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-508.4/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> a right to recover <span class="dictionary">damages</span> other than under subsection (a); and <a id="paragraph-300265" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-508.4/#c1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> the amount or value of any benefits received by the party in breach, directly or indirectly, by reason of the <span class="dictionary">contract</span>. <a id="paragraph-300266" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-508.4/#c2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> A term that does not liquidate <span class="dictionary">damages</span>, but that limits <span class="dictionary">damages</span> available to the <span class="dictionary">aggrieved party</span>, must be evaluated under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Contractual modification of remedy" href="/59.1-508.3/">59.1-508.3</a>. <a id="paragraph-300267" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-508.4/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2000, cc. 101, 996.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
