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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>83283</law_id><section_number>59.1-581</section_number><catch_line>Processing de-identified data; exemptions</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>59.1-575</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="59.1">Trade and Commerce</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="53">Consumer Data Protection Act</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> The <span class="dictionary">controller</span> in <span class="dictionary">possession</span> of <span class="dictionary">de-identified data</span> shall: <a id="paragraph-298404" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-581/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Take reasonable measures to ensure that the data cannot be associated with a natural person; <a id="paragraph-298405" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-581/#A1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Publicly commit to maintaining and using <span class="dictionary">de-identified data</span> without attempting to re-identify the data; and <a id="paragraph-298406" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-581/#A2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Contractually obligate any recipients of the <span class="dictionary">de-identified data</span> to comply with all provisions of this chapter. <a id="paragraph-298407" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-581/#A3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to (i) require a <span class="dictionary">controller</span> or <span class="dictionary">processor</span> to re-identify <span class="dictionary">de-identified data</span> or <span class="dictionary">pseudonymous data</span> or (ii) maintain data in identifiable form, or collect, obtain, retain, or access any data or technology, in <span class="dictionary">order</span> to be capable of associating an authenticated <span class="dictionary">consumer</span> request with <span class="dictionary">personal data</span>. <a id="paragraph-298408" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-581/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require a <span class="dictionary">controller</span> or <span class="dictionary">processor</span> to comply with an authenticated <span class="dictionary">consumer</span> rights request, pursuant to &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Personal data rights; consumers" href="/59.1-577/">59.1-577</a>, if all of the following are true: <a id="paragraph-298409" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-581/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The <span class="dictionary">controller</span> is not reasonably capable of associating the request with the <span class="dictionary">personal data</span> or it would be unreasonably burdensome for the <span class="dictionary">controller</span> to associate the request with the <span class="dictionary">personal data</span>; <a id="paragraph-298410" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-581/#C1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The <span class="dictionary">controller</span> does not use the <span class="dictionary">personal data</span> to recognize or respond to the specific <span class="dictionary">consumer</span> who is the subject of the <span class="dictionary">personal data</span>, or associate the <span class="dictionary">personal data</span> with other <span class="dictionary">personal data</span> about the same specific <span class="dictionary">consumer</span>; and <a id="paragraph-298411" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-581/#C2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> The <span class="dictionary">controller</span> does not sell the <span class="dictionary">personal data</span> to any <span class="dictionary">third party</span> or otherwise voluntarily disclose the <span class="dictionary">personal data</span> to any <span class="dictionary">third party</span> other than a <span class="dictionary">processor</span>, except as otherwise permitted in this section. <a id="paragraph-298412" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-581/#C3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> The <span class="dictionary">consumer</span> rights contained in subdivisions A 1 through 4 of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Personal data rights; consumers" href="/59.1-577/">59.1-577</a> and &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Data controller responsibilities; transparency" href="/59.1-578/">59.1-578</a> shall not apply to <span class="dictionary">pseudonymous data</span> in cases where the <span class="dictionary">controller</span> is able to demonstrate any information necessary to identify the <span class="dictionary">consumer</span> is kept separately and is subject to effective technical and organizational <span class="dictionary">controls</span> that prevent the <span class="dictionary">controller</span> from accessing such information. <a id="paragraph-298413" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-581/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> A <span class="dictionary">controller</span> that discloses <span class="dictionary">pseudonymous data</span> or <span class="dictionary">de-identified data</span> shall exercise reasonable oversight to monitor compliance with any contractual commitments to which the <span class="dictionary">pseudonymous data</span> or <span class="dictionary">de-identified data</span> is subject and shall take appropriate steps to address any breaches of those contractual commitments. <a id="paragraph-298414" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/59.1-581/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 35, 36.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
