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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>80789</law_id><section_number>63.2-1222</section_number><catch_line>Execution of entrustment agreement by birth parent(s); exceptions; notice and objection to entrustment; copy required to be furnished; requirement for agencies outside the Commonwealth</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="63.2">Welfare (Social Services)</unit><unit label="subtitle" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="III">Social Services Programs</unit><unit label="chapter" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="12">Adoption</unit><unit label="article" level="4" order_by="1" identifier="2">Agency Adoptions</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> For the purposes of this section, a <span class="dictionary">birth parent</span> who is less than 18 years of age shall be deemed fully competent and shall have legal capacity to execute a valid entrustment agreement, including an agreement that provides for the termination of all parental rights and responsibilities, and perform all acts related to adoption and shall be as fully bound thereby as if such <span class="dictionary">birth parent</span> had attained the age of 18 years. <a id="paragraph-289602" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/63.2-1222/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> An entrustment agreement for the termination of all parental rights and responsibilities with respect to the <span class="dictionary">child</span> shall be valid notwithstanding that it is not signed by the birth father of a <span class="dictionary">child</span> born out of wedlock if the identity of the birth father is not reasonably ascertainable or such birth father did not register with the Virginia Birth Father Registry pursuant to Article 7 (&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Establishment of Registry" href="/63.2-1249/">63.2-1249</a> et seq.) or the birth father named by the birth mother denies under <span class="dictionary">oath</span> and in writing the paternity of the <span class="dictionary">child</span>. An <span class="dictionary">affidavit</span> signed by the birth mother stating that the identity of the birth father is unknown may be filed with the <span class="dictionary">court</span> alleging that the identity of the birth father is not known or reasonably ascertainable. A birth father shall be given notice of the entrustment if he is an acknowledged father pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="How parent and child relationship established" href="/20-49.1/">20-49.1</a>, an adjudicated father pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Judgment or order; costs; birth record" href="/20-49.8/">20-49.8</a>, a presumed father pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Parental, or agency, consent required; exceptions" href="/63.2-1202/">63.2-1202</a>, or a putative father who has registered with the Virginia Birth Father Registry pursuant to Article 7 (&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Establishment of Registry" href="/63.2-1249/">63.2-1249</a> et seq.). If the putative father&#x2019;s identity is reasonably ascertainable, he shall be given notice pursuant to the requirements of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Registration; notice; form" href="/63.2-1250/">63.2-1250</a>. <a id="paragraph-289603" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/63.2-1222/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> When a birth father is required to be given notice, he may be given notice of the entrustment by registered or certified mail to his last known address. If he fails to <span class="dictionary">object</span> to the entrustment within 15 days of the mailing of such notice, his entrustment shall not be required. An objection to an entrustment agreement shall be in writing, signed by the objecting <span class="dictionary">party</span> or <span class="dictionary">counsel</span> of record for the objecting <span class="dictionary">party</span> and filed with the agency that mailed the notice of entrustment within the time period specified in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Revocation of entrustment agreement" href="/63.2-1223/">63.2-1223</a>. <a id="paragraph-289604" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/63.2-1222/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> The execution of an entrustment agreement shall be required of a presumed father except under the following circumstances: (i) if he denies paternity under <span class="dictionary">oath</span> and in writing in accordance with &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Parental, or agency, consent required; exceptions" href="/63.2-1202/">63.2-1202</a>; (ii) if the <span class="dictionary">presumption</span> is rebutted by sufficient evidence, satisfactory to the <span class="dictionary">circuit</span> <span class="dictionary">court</span>, which would establish by a <span class="dictionary">preponderance of the evidence</span> the paternity of another man or the impossibility or improbability of cohabitation of the birth mother and her husband for a period of at least 300 days preceding the birth of the <span class="dictionary">child</span>; (iii) if another man admits, in writing and under <span class="dictionary">oath</span>, that he is the biological father; or (iv) if an <span class="dictionary">adoptive placement</span> has been determined to be in the best interests of the <span class="dictionary">child</span> pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Best interests of the child; standards for determining" href="/63.2-1205/">63.2-1205</a>. <a id="paragraph-289605" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/63.2-1222/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> When none of the provisions of subsections C and D apply, notice of the entrustment shall be given to the presumed father pursuant to the requirements of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Approval of entrustment agreement" href="/16.1-277.01/">16.1-277.01</a>. <a id="paragraph-289606" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/63.2-1222/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="F"><p><span class="prefix-number">F.</span> An entrustment agreement for the termination of all parental rights and responsibilities with respect to the <span class="dictionary">child</span> shall be valid notwithstanding that it is not signed by the birth father of a <span class="dictionary">child</span> when the birth father has been convicted of a violation of subsection A of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Rape" href="/18.2-61/">18.2-61</a>, &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Carnal knowledge of child between thirteen and fifteen years of age" href="/18.2-63/">18.2-63</a>, subsection B of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Sexual intercourse by persons forbidden to marry; incest; penalties" href="/18.2-366/">18.2-366</a>, or an equivalent <span class="dictionary">offense</span> of another state, the United States, or any foreign <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>, or has been found by clear and convincing evidence to have engaged in the conduct prohibited by subsection A of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Rape" href="/18.2-61/">18.2-61</a>, &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Carnal knowledge of child between thirteen and fifteen years of age" href="/18.2-63/">18.2-63</a>, or subsection B of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Sexual intercourse by persons forbidden to marry; incest; penalties" href="/18.2-366/">18.2-366</a>, whether or not the birth father has been charged with or convicted of the alleged violation, and the <span class="dictionary">child</span> was conceived as a result of such violation or conduct. <a id="paragraph-289607" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/63.2-1222/#F"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="G"><p><span class="prefix-number">G.</span> A birth father may execute an entrustment agreement for the termination of all of his parental rights prior to the birth of the <span class="dictionary">child</span>. Such entrustment shall be subject to the <span class="dictionary">revocation</span> provisions of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Revocation of entrustment agreement" href="/63.2-1223/">63.2-1223</a>. <a id="paragraph-289608" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/63.2-1222/#G"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="H"><p><span class="prefix-number">H.</span> No entrustment shall be required of a birth father if he denies under <span class="dictionary">oath</span> and in writing the paternity of the <span class="dictionary">child</span>. Such denial of paternity may be withdrawn no more than 10 days after it is executed. Once the <span class="dictionary">child</span> is 10 days old, any executed denial of paternity is final and constitutes a <span class="dictionary">waiver</span> of all rights with respect to the adoption of the <span class="dictionary">child</span> and cannot be withdrawn. <a id="paragraph-289609" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/63.2-1222/#H"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="I"><p><span class="prefix-number">I.</span> A copy of the entrustment agreement shall be furnished to all parties signing such agreement. <a id="paragraph-289610" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/63.2-1222/#I"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="J"><p><span class="prefix-number">J.</span> When any agency outside the Commonwealth, or its agent, that is licensed or otherwise duly authorized to place children for adoption by virtue of the <span class="dictionary">laws</span> under which it operates executes an entrustment agreement in the Commonwealth with a <span class="dictionary">birth parent</span> for the termination of all parental rights and responsibilities with respect to the <span class="dictionary">child</span>, the requirements of &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Placement of children for adoption by agency or local board" href="/63.2-1221/">63.2-1221</a> through <a class="law" title="Explanation of process, legal effects of adoption required" href="/63.2-1224/">63.2-1224</a> shall apply. The <span class="dictionary">birth parent</span> may expressly <span class="dictionary">waive</span>, under <span class="dictionary">oath</span> and in writing, the execution of the entrustment under the requirements of &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Placement of children for adoption by agency or local board" href="/63.2-1221/">63.2-1221</a> through <a class="law" title="Explanation of process, legal effects of adoption required" href="/63.2-1224/">63.2-1224</a> in favor of the execution of an entrustment or relinquishment under the <span class="dictionary">laws</span> of another state if the <span class="dictionary">birth parent</span> is represented by independent legal <span class="dictionary">counsel</span>. Such written <span class="dictionary">waiver</span> shall expressly state that the <span class="dictionary">birth parent</span> has received independent legal <span class="dictionary">counsel</span> advising of the <span class="dictionary">laws</span> of Virginia and of the other state and that Virginia <span class="dictionary">law</span> is expressly being waived. The <span class="dictionary">waiver</span> also shall include the name, address, and telephone number of such legal <span class="dictionary">counsel</span>. Any entrustment agreement that fails to comply with such requirements shall be void. <a id="paragraph-289611" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/63.2-1222/#J"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1989, c. 647, &#xA7; 63.1-220.2; 1990, c. 202; 1991, c. 364; 1995, cc. 772, 826; 1999, c. 1028; 2000, c. 830, &#xA7; 63.1-219.29; 2002, c. 747; 2004, c. 815; 2005, c. 890; 2006, cc. 825, 848; 2007, cc. 606, 623; 2009, c. 805; 2012, c. 424; 2017, c. 200; 2025, c. 547.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
