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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>69043</law_id><section_number>8.01-216.16</section_number><catch_line>Civil investigative demands; oral examinations</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.01">Civil Remedies and Procedure</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="3">Actions</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="19.1">Virginia Fraud Against Taxpayers Act</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> The examination of any <span class="dictionary">person</span> pursuant to a civil investigative demand for oral <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> served under this article shall be taken before an officer authorized to administer <span class="dictionary">oaths</span> under the <span class="dictionary">laws</span> of this <span class="dictionary">Commonwealth</span> or of the place where the examination is held. The officer before whom the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> is to be taken shall put the <span class="dictionary">witness</span> on <span class="dictionary">oath</span> and shall, personally or by someone acting under the direction of the officer and in the officer&#x2019;s presence, record the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> of the <span class="dictionary">witness</span>. The <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> shall be taken stenographically and shall be transcribed. When the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> is fully transcribed, the officer before whom the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> is taken shall promptly transmit a copy of the <span class="dictionary">transcript</span> of the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> to the <span class="dictionary">Attorney General</span>. This section shall not preclude the taking of <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> by any means authorized by and in a manner consistent with the Rules of the Supreme <span class="dictionary">Court</span> of Virginia. <a id="paragraph-249926" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-216.16/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> The investigator conducting the examination shall exclude from the place where the examination is held all <span class="dictionary">persons</span> except the <span class="dictionary">person</span> giving the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span>, the attorney for and any other representative of the <span class="dictionary">person</span> giving the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span>, the attorney for the <span class="dictionary">Commonwealth</span>, any <span class="dictionary">person</span> who may be agreed upon by the attorney for the <span class="dictionary">Commonwealth</span> and the <span class="dictionary">person</span> giving the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span>, the officer before whom the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> is to be taken, and any <span class="dictionary">court reporter</span> taking such <span class="dictionary">testimony</span>. <a id="paragraph-249927" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-216.16/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> The oral <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> of any <span class="dictionary">person</span> taken pursuant to a civil investigative demand served under this article shall be taken in the county or city within which such <span class="dictionary">person</span> resides, is found, or transacts business or in such other place as may be agreed upon by the investigator conducting the examination and such <span class="dictionary">person</span>. <a id="paragraph-249928" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-216.16/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> When the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> is fully transcribed, the investigator or the officer before whom the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> is taken shall afford the <span class="dictionary">witness</span>, who may be accompanied by <span class="dictionary">counsel</span>, a reasonable opportunity to examine and read the <span class="dictionary">transcript</span>, unless such examination and reading are waived by the <span class="dictionary">witness</span>. Any changes in form or substance that the <span class="dictionary">witness</span> desires to make shall be entered and identified upon the <span class="dictionary">transcript</span> by the officer or the investigator, with a statement of the reasons given by the <span class="dictionary">witness</span> for making such changes. The <span class="dictionary">transcript</span> shall then be signed by the <span class="dictionary">witness</span>, unless the <span class="dictionary">witness</span> in writing <span class="dictionary">waives</span> the signing, is ill, cannot be found, or refuses to sign. If the <span class="dictionary">transcript</span> is not signed by the <span class="dictionary">witness</span> within thirty days after being afforded a reasonable opportunity to examine it, the officer or the investigator shall sign it and state on the record the <span class="dictionary">fact</span> of the <span class="dictionary">waiver</span>, illness, absence of the <span class="dictionary">witness</span>, or the refusal to sign, together with the reasons, if any, given therefor. <a id="paragraph-249929" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-216.16/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> The officer before whom the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> is taken shall certify on the <span class="dictionary">transcript</span> that the <span class="dictionary">witness</span> was sworn by the officer and that the <span class="dictionary">transcript</span> is a true record of the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> given by the <span class="dictionary">witness</span>, and the officer or investigator shall promptly deliver the <span class="dictionary">transcript</span>, or send the <span class="dictionary">transcript</span> by registered or certified mail, to the <span class="dictionary">Attorney General</span>. <a id="paragraph-249930" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-216.16/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="F"><p><span class="prefix-number">F.</span> Upon payment of reasonable charges therefor, the investigator shall furnish a copy of the <span class="dictionary">transcript</span> to the <span class="dictionary">witness</span> only, except that the <span class="dictionary">Attorney General</span> may, for good cause, limit such <span class="dictionary">witness</span> to inspection of the official <span class="dictionary">transcript</span> of the <span class="dictionary">witness</span>&#x2019; <span class="dictionary">testimony</span>. <a id="paragraph-249931" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-216.16/#F"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="G"><p><span class="prefix-number">G.</span> Any <span class="dictionary">person</span> compelled to appear for oral <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> under a civil investigative demand may be accompanied, represented, and advised by <span class="dictionary">counsel</span>. <span class="dictionary">Counsel</span> may advise such <span class="dictionary">person</span>, in confidence, with respect to any question asked of such <span class="dictionary">person</span>. Such <span class="dictionary">person</span> or <span class="dictionary">counsel</span> may <span class="dictionary">object</span> on the record to any question, in whole or in part, and shall briefly state for the record the reason for the objection. An objection may be made, received, and entered upon the record when it is claimed that such <span class="dictionary">person</span> is entitled to refuse to answer the question on the grounds of any constitutional or other legal right or <span class="dictionary">privilege</span>. Such <span class="dictionary">person</span> may not otherwise <span class="dictionary">object</span> to or refuse to answer any question, and may not directly or through <span class="dictionary">counsel</span> otherwise interrupt the oral examination. If such <span class="dictionary">person</span> refuses to answer any question, a <span class="dictionary">petition</span> may be filed in the <span class="dictionary">circuit</span> court for an <span class="dictionary">order</span> compelling such <span class="dictionary">person</span> to answer such question. If such <span class="dictionary">person</span> refuses to answer any question on the grounds of the <span class="dictionary">privilege</span> against self-incrimination, the <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> of such <span class="dictionary">person</span> may be compelled in accordance with applicable <span class="dictionary">law</span>. <a id="paragraph-249932" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-216.16/#G"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="H"><p><span class="prefix-number">H.</span> Any <span class="dictionary">person</span> appearing for oral <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> under a civil investigative demand issued under this article shall be entitled to the same fees and allowances paid to witnesses in the <span class="dictionary">circuit</span> court. <a id="paragraph-249933" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-216.16/#H"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2002, c. 842.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
