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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>86818</law_id><section_number>8.01-227.9</section_number><catch_line>Civil immunity for space flight entities</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.01">Civil Remedies and Procedure</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="3">Actions</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="24">Space Flight Liability and Immunity Act</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Except as provided in subsection B, a space flight entity is not liable for a participant injury resulting from the risks of space flight activities, provided that the participant has been informed of the risks of space flight activities as required by federal <span class="dictionary">law</span> pursuant to federal <span class="dictionary">law</span> and this article, and the participant has given his informed consent that he is voluntarily participating in space flight activities after having been informed of the risks of those activities as required by federal <span class="dictionary">law</span> and this article. Except as provided in subsection B, no (i) participant, (ii) participant&#x2019;s representative, including the heirs, administrators, executors, assignees, next of kin, and estate of the participant, or (iii) any <span class="dictionary">person</span> who attempts to bring a claim on behalf of the participant for a participant injury, is authorized to maintain an <span class="dictionary">action</span> against or recover from a space flight entity for a participant injury that resulted from the risks of space flight activities. <a id="paragraph-310878" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-227.9/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> Nothing in subsection A shall prevent or limit the liability of a space flight entity if the space flight entity does either of the following: <a id="paragraph-310879" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-227.9/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Commits an act or omission that constitutes gross <span class="dictionary">negligence</span> evidencing willful or wanton disregard for the safety of the participant, and that act or omission proximately causes a participant injury; or <a id="paragraph-310880" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-227.9/#B1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Intentionally causes a participant injury. <a id="paragraph-310881" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-227.9/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> Any limitation on legal liability afforded by this section to a space flight entity is in addition to any other limitations of legal liability otherwise provided by <span class="dictionary">law</span>. <a id="paragraph-310882" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-227.9/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2007, c. 893.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
