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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>72991</law_id><section_number>8.01-279</section_number><catch_line>When proof is unnecessary unless affidavit filed; handwriting; ownership; partnership or incorporation</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.01">Civil Remedies and Procedure</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="7">Civil Actions; Commencement, Pleadings, and Motions</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="2">Pleadings Generally</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Except as otherwise provided by &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Proof of signatures and status as holder in due course" href="/8.3A-308/">8.3A-308</a>, when any pleading alleges that any <span class="dictionary">person</span> made, endorsed, assigned, or accepted any writing, no proof of the handwriting shall be required, unless it be denied by an <span class="dictionary">affidavit</span> accompanying the <span class="dictionary">plea</span> putting it in <span class="dictionary">issue</span>. <a id="paragraph-262874" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-279/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> When any pleading alleges that any <span class="dictionary">person</span>, partnership, corporation, or unincorporated association at a stated time, owned, operated, or controlled any property or instrumentality, no proof of the <span class="dictionary">fact</span> alleged shall be required unless an <span class="dictionary">affidavit</span> be filed with the pleading putting it in <span class="dictionary">issue</span>, denying specifically and with particularity that such property or instrumentality was, at the time alleged, so owned, operated, or controlled. <a id="paragraph-262875" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-279/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> When parties sue or are sued as partners, and their names are set forth in the pleading, or when parties sue or are sued as a corporation, it shall not be necessary to prove the <span class="dictionary">fact</span> of the partnership or incorporation unless with the pleading which puts the matter in <span class="dictionary">issue</span> there be filed an <span class="dictionary">affidavit</span> denying such partnership or incorporation. <a id="paragraph-262876" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-279/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7;&#xA7; 8-114 to 8-116; 1954, c. 333; 1958, c. 66; 1964, c. 219; 1977, c. 617.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
