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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>70196</law_id><section_number>8.12-107</section_number><catch_line>Governing law</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.1A-301</reference><reference>8.9A-306.2</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.12">Controllable Electronic Records</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> Governing <span class="dictionary">law</span>: general rule. Except as provided in subsection (b), the local <span class="dictionary">law</span> of a controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> governs a matter covered by this article. <a id="paragraph-253485" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.12-107/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> Governing <span class="dictionary">law</span>: Section <a class="law" title="Discharge of account debtor on controllable account or controllable payment intangible" href="/8.12-106/">8.12-106</a>. For a controllable electronic record that <span class="dictionary">evidences</span> a controllable account or controllable payment intangible, the local <span class="dictionary">law</span> of the controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> governs a matter covered by Section <a class="law" title="Discharge of account debtor on controllable account or controllable payment intangible" href="/8.12-106/">8.12-106</a> unless an effective agreement determines that the local <span class="dictionary">law</span> of another <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> governs. <a id="paragraph-253486" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.12-107/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> Controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>. The following rules determine a controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> under this section: <a id="paragraph-253487" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.12-107/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> If the controllable electronic record, or a record attached to or logically associated with the controllable electronic record and readily available for review, expressly provides that a particular <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> is the controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> for purposes of this article or the Uniform Commercial Code, that <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> is the controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>. <a id="paragraph-253488" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.12-107/#c1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> If paragraph (1) does not apply and the rules of the system in which the controllable electronic record is recorded are readily available for review and expressly provide that a particular <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> is the controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> for purposes of this title or the Uniform Commercial Code, that <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> is the controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>. <a id="paragraph-253489" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.12-107/#c2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> If paragraphs (1) and (2) do not apply and the controllable electronic record, or a record attached to or logically associated with the controllable electronic record and readily available for review, expressly provides that the controllable electronic record is governed by the <span class="dictionary">law</span> of a particular <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>, that <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> is the controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>. <a id="paragraph-253490" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.12-107/#c3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> If paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) do not apply and the rules of the system in which the controllable electronic record is recorded are readily available for review and expressly provide that the controllable electronic record or the system is governed by the <span class="dictionary">law</span> of a particular <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>, that <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> is the controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>. <a id="paragraph-253491" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.12-107/#c4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> If paragraphs (1) through (4) do not apply, the controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> is the District of Columbia. <a id="paragraph-253492" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.12-107/#c5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> Applicability of Title 8.12. If subsection (c)(5) applies and Title 8.12 is not in effect in the District of Columbia without <span class="dictionary">material</span> modification, the governing <span class="dictionary">law</span> for a matter covered by this article is the <span class="dictionary">law</span> of the District of Columbia as though Title 8.12 were in effect in the District of Columbia without <span class="dictionary">material</span> modification. In this subsection, &#x201C;Title 8.12&#x2033; means Article 12 of Uniform Commercial Code Amendments (2022). <a id="paragraph-253493" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.12-107/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> Relation of matter or transaction to controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> not necessary. To the extent subsections (a) and (b) provide that the local <span class="dictionary">law</span> of the controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> governs a matter covered by this article, that <span class="dictionary">law</span> governs even if the matter or a transaction to which the matter relates does not bear any relation to the controllable electronic record&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>. <a id="paragraph-253494" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.12-107/#e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f"><p><span class="prefix-number">f.</span> Rights of purchasers determined at time of purchase. The rights acquired under Section <a class="law" title="Rights in controllable account, controllable electronic record, and controllable payment intangible." href="/8.12-104/">8.12-104</a> by a purchaser or qualifying purchaser are governed by the <span class="dictionary">law</span> applicable under this section at the time of purchase. <a id="paragraph-253495" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.12-107/#f"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2024, c. 652.</history><metadata><court_decisions></court_decisions></metadata></law>
