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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>73844</law_id><section_number>8.1A-202</section_number><catch_line>Notice; knowledge</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>29.1-733.2</reference><reference>8.4A-106</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.1A">Uniform Commercial Code &#x2014; General Provisions</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="2">General Definitions and Principles of Interpretation</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> Subject to subsection (f), a person has &#x201C;notice&#x201D; of a <span class="dictionary">fact</span> if the person: <a id="paragraph-265518" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.1A-202/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> has actual <span class="dictionary">knowledge</span> of it; <a id="paragraph-265519" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.1A-202/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> has received a notice or notification of it; or <a id="paragraph-265520" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.1A-202/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> from all the <span class="dictionary">facts</span> and circumstances known to the person at the time in question, has reason to know that it exists. <a id="paragraph-265521" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.1A-202/#a3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Knowledge</span>&#x201D; means actual <span class="dictionary">knowledge</span>. &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Knows</span>&#x201D; has a corresponding meaning. <a id="paragraph-265522" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.1A-202/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> &#x201C;Discover,&#x201D; &#x201C;learn,&#x201D; or words of similar import refer to <span class="dictionary">knowledge</span> rather than to reason to know. <a id="paragraph-265523" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.1A-202/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> A person &#x201C;notifies&#x201D; or &#x201C;gives&#x201D; a notice or notification to another person by taking such steps as may be reasonably required to inform the other person in ordinary course, whether or not the other person actually comes to know of it. <a id="paragraph-265524" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.1A-202/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> Subject to subsection (f), a person &#x201C;receives&#x201D; a notice or notification when: <a id="paragraph-265525" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.1A-202/#e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> it comes to that person&#x2019;s attention; or <a id="paragraph-265526" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.1A-202/#e1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> it is duly delivered in a form reasonable under the circumstances at the place of business through which the <span class="dictionary">contract</span> was made or at another location held out by that person as the place for receipt of such communications. <a id="paragraph-265527" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.1A-202/#e2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f"><p><span class="prefix-number">f.</span> Notice, <span class="dictionary">knowledge</span>, or a notice or notification received by an organization is effective for a particular transaction from the time it is brought to the attention of the individual conducting that transaction and, in any event, from the time it would have been brought to the individual&#x2019;s attention if the organization had exercised due diligence. An organization exercises due diligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to the person conducting the transaction and there is reasonable compliance with the routines. Due diligence does not require an individual acting for the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part of the individual&#x2019;s regular duties or the individual has reason to know of the transaction and that the transaction would be materially affected by the information. <a id="paragraph-265528" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.1A-202/#f"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1964, c. 219, &#xA7; 8.1-201 (25)-(27); 1973, c. 509; 1984, c. 613; 1991, c. 536; 1992, c. 693; 2000, c. 1007; 2003, c. 353.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
