<?xml version="1.0"?>
<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>73102</law_id><section_number>8.2-103</section_number><catch_line>Definitions and index of definitions</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.2A-103</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.2">Commercial Code - Sales</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="1">Short Title, General Construction and Subject Matter</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> In this title unless the context otherwise requires: <a id="paragraph-263236" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-103/#1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1a" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Buyer</span>&#x201D; means a person who buys or <span class="dictionary">contracts</span> to buy goods. <a id="paragraph-263237" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-103/#1a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1b" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Good faith</span>&#x201D; in the case of a merchant means honesty in <span class="dictionary">fact</span> and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing in the trade. <a id="paragraph-263238" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-103/#1b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1c" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Receipt</span>&#x201D; of goods means taking physical <span class="dictionary">possession</span> of them. <a id="paragraph-263239" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-103/#1c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1d" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Seller</span>&#x201D; means a person who sells or <span class="dictionary">contracts</span> to sell goods. <a id="paragraph-263240" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-103/#1d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="2"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Other definitions applying to this title or to specified parts thereof, and the sections in which they appear are:
			&#x201C;Acceptance.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="What constitutes acceptance of goods" href="/8.2-606/">8.2-606</a>.
			&#x201C;Banker&#x2019;s credit.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="&quot;Letter of credit&quot; term; &quot;confirmed credit.&quot;" href="/8.2-325/">8.2-325</a>.
			&#x201C;Between merchants.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Merchant&quot;; &quot;financing agency&quot;; &quot;between merchants.&quot;" href="/8.2-104/">8.2-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Cancellation.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Contract&quot;; &quot;agreement&quot;; &quot;contract for sale&quot;; &quot;sale&quot;; &quot;present sale&quot;; &quot;conforming&quot; to contract; &quot;termination&quot;; &quot;cancellation&quot;; &quot;hybrid transaction.&quot;" href="/8.2-106/">8.2-106</a> (4).
			&#x201C;Commercial unit.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: Transferability; &quot;goods&quot;; &quot;future&quot; goods; &quot;lot&quot;; &quot;commercial unit.&quot;" href="/8.2-105/">8.2-105</a>.
			&#x201C;Confirmed credit.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="&quot;Letter of credit&quot; term; &quot;confirmed credit.&quot;" href="/8.2-325/">8.2-325</a>.
			&#x201C;Conforming to <span class="dictionary">contract</span>.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Contract&quot;; &quot;agreement&quot;; &quot;contract for sale&quot;; &quot;sale&quot;; &quot;present sale&quot;; &quot;conforming&quot; to contract; &quot;termination&quot;; &quot;cancellation&quot;; &quot;hybrid transaction.&quot;" href="/8.2-106/">8.2-106</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Contract</span> for sale.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Contract&quot;; &quot;agreement&quot;; &quot;contract for sale&quot;; &quot;sale&quot;; &quot;present sale&quot;; &quot;conforming&quot; to contract; &quot;termination&quot;; &quot;cancellation&quot;; &quot;hybrid transaction.&quot;" href="/8.2-106/">8.2-106</a>.
			&#x201C;Cover.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="&quot;Cover&quot;; buyer's procurement of substitute goods" href="/8.2-712/">8.2-712</a>.
			&#x201C;Entrusting.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Power to transfer; good faith purchase of goods; &quot;entrusting.&quot;" href="/8.2-403/">8.2-403</a>.
			&#x201C;Financing agency.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Merchant&quot;; &quot;financing agency&quot;; &quot;between merchants.&quot;" href="/8.2-104/">8.2-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Future goods.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: Transferability; &quot;goods&quot;; &quot;future&quot; goods; &quot;lot&quot;; &quot;commercial unit.&quot;" href="/8.2-105/">8.2-105</a>.
			&#x201C;Goods.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: Transferability; &quot;goods&quot;; &quot;future&quot; goods; &quot;lot&quot;; &quot;commercial unit.&quot;" href="/8.2-105/">8.2-105</a>.
			&#x201C;Identification.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Insurable interest in goods; manner of identification of goods" href="/8.2-501/">8.2-501</a>.
			&#x201C;Installment <span class="dictionary">contract</span>.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="&quot;Installment contract&quot;; breach" href="/8.2-612/">8.2-612</a>.
			&#x201C;Letter of credit.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="&quot;Letter of credit&quot; term; &quot;confirmed credit.&quot;" href="/8.2-325/">8.2-325</a>.
			&#x201C;Lot.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: Transferability; &quot;goods&quot;; &quot;future&quot; goods; &quot;lot&quot;; &quot;commercial unit.&quot;" href="/8.2-105/">8.2-105</a>.
			&#x201C;Merchant.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Merchant&quot;; &quot;financing agency&quot;; &quot;between merchants.&quot;" href="/8.2-104/">8.2-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Overseas.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Form of bill of lading required in overseas shipment; &quot;Overseas.&quot;" href="/8.2-323/">8.2-323</a>.
			&#x201C;Person in position of <span class="dictionary">seller</span>.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="&quot;Person in the position of a seller.&quot;" href="/8.2-707/">8.2-707</a>.
			&#x201C;Present sale.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Contract&quot;; &quot;agreement&quot;; &quot;contract for sale&quot;; &quot;sale&quot;; &quot;present sale&quot;; &quot;conforming&quot; to contract; &quot;termination&quot;; &quot;cancellation&quot;; &quot;hybrid transaction.&quot;" href="/8.2-106/">8.2-106</a>.
			&#x201C;Sale.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Contract&quot;; &quot;agreement&quot;; &quot;contract for sale&quot;; &quot;sale&quot;; &quot;present sale&quot;; &quot;conforming&quot; to contract; &quot;termination&quot;; &quot;cancellation&quot;; &quot;hybrid transaction.&quot;" href="/8.2-106/">8.2-106</a>.
			&#x201C;Sale on approval.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Sale on approval and sale or return; rights of creditors" href="/8.2-326/">8.2-326</a>.
			&#x201C;Sale or return.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Sale on approval and sale or return; rights of creditors" href="/8.2-326/">8.2-326</a>.
			&#x201C;Termination.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Contract&quot;; &quot;agreement&quot;; &quot;contract for sale&quot;; &quot;sale&quot;; &quot;present sale&quot;; &quot;conforming&quot; to contract; &quot;termination&quot;; &quot;cancellation&quot;; &quot;hybrid transaction.&quot;" href="/8.2-106/">8.2-106</a>. <a id="paragraph-263241" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-103/#2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="3"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> The following definitions in other titles apply to this title:
			&#x201C;Check.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Negotiable instrument" href="/8.3A-104/">8.3A-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Consignee.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions and index of definitions" href="/8.7-102/">8.7-102</a>.
			&#x201C;Consignor.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions and index of definitions" href="/8.7-102/">8.7-102</a>.
			&#x201C;Consumer goods.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions and index of definitions" href="/8.9A-102/">8.9A-102</a>.
			&#x201C;Control.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Control of electronic document" href="/8.7-106/">8.7-106</a>.
			&#x201C;Dishonor.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Dishonor" href="/8.3A-502/">8.3A-502</a>.
			&#x201C;Draft.&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Negotiable instrument" href="/8.3A-104/">8.3A-104</a>. <a id="paragraph-263242" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-103/#3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="4"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> In addition Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title. <a id="paragraph-263243" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-103/#4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1964, c. 219; 2000, c. 1007; 2003, c. 353; 2004, c. 200.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
