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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>76874</law_id><section_number>8.2-316</section_number><catch_line>Exclusion or modification of warranties</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.2-314</reference><reference>8.2-315</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.2">Commercial Code - Sales</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="3">General Obligation and Construction of Contract</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Words or conduct relevant to the creation of an express warranty and words or conduct tending to negate or limit warranty shall be construed wherever reasonable as consistent with each other; but subject to the provisions of this title on parol or extrinsic <span class="dictionary">evidence</span> (&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Final expression; parol or extrinsic evidence" href="/8.2-202/">8.2-202</a>) negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent that such construction is unreasonable. <a id="paragraph-275953" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-316/#1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="2"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Subject to subsection (3), to exclude or modify the implied warranty of merchantability or any part of it the language must mention merchantability and in case of a writing must be conspicuous, and to exclude or modify any implied warranty of fitness the exclusion must be by a writing and conspicuous. Language to exclude all implied warranties of fitness is sufficient if it states, for example, that &#x201C;There are no warranties which extend beyond the description on the face hereof.&#x201D; <a id="paragraph-275954" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-316/#2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="3"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Notwithstanding subsection (2) <a id="paragraph-275955" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-316/#3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="3a" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> unless the circumstances indicate otherwise, all implied warranties are excluded by expressions like &#x201C;as is,&#x201D; &#x201C;with all faults&#x201D; or other language which in common understanding calls the buyer&#x2019;s attention to the exclusion of warranties and makes plain that there is no implied warranty; and <a id="paragraph-275956" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-316/#3a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="3b" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> when the buyer before entering into the <span class="dictionary">contract</span> has examined the goods or the sample or model as fully as he desired or has refused to examine the goods there is no implied warranty with regard to defects which an examination ought in the circumstances to have revealed to him; and <a id="paragraph-275957" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-316/#3b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="3c" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> an implied warranty can also be excluded or modified by course of dealing or course of performance or usage of trade. <a id="paragraph-275958" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-316/#3c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="4"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> Remedies for breach of warranty can be limited in accordance with the provisions of this title on <span class="dictionary">liquidation</span> or limitation of <span class="dictionary">damages</span> and on contractual modification of remedy (&#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Liquidation or limitation of damages; deposits" href="/8.2-718/">8.2-718</a> and <a class="law" title="Contractual modification or limitation of remedy" href="/8.2-719/">8.2-719</a>). <a id="paragraph-275959" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.2-316/#4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1964, c. 219.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
