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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>76564</law_id><section_number>8.3A-411</section_number><catch_line>Refusal to pay cashier&amp;#8217;s checks, teller&amp;#8217;s checks, and certified checks</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.3A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Negotiable Instruments</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="4">Liability of Parties</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> In this section, &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">obligated bank</span>&#x201D; means the acceptor of a certified check or the issuer of a cashier&#x2019;s check or teller&#x2019;s check bought from the issuer. <a id="paragraph-274871" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-411/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> If the <span class="dictionary">obligated bank</span> wrongfully (i) refuses to pay a cashier&#x2019;s check or certified check, (ii) stops payment of a teller&#x2019;s check, or (iii) refuses to pay a dishonored teller&#x2019;s check, the person asserting the right to enforce the check is entitled to compensation for expenses and loss of interest resulting from the nonpayment and may recover consequential <span class="dictionary">damages</span> if the <span class="dictionary">obligated bank</span> refuses to pay after receiving notice of particular circumstances giving rise to the <span class="dictionary">damages</span>. <a id="paragraph-274872" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-411/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> Expenses or consequential <span class="dictionary">damages</span> under subsection (b) are not recoverable if the refusal of the <span class="dictionary">obligated bank</span> to pay occurs because (i) the bank suspends payments, (ii) the <span class="dictionary">obligated bank</span> asserts a claim or defense of the bank that it has reasonable grounds to believe is available against the person entitled to enforce the instrument, (iii) the <span class="dictionary">obligated bank</span> has a <span class="dictionary">reasonable doubt</span> whether the person demanding payment is the person entitled to enforce the instrument, or (iv) payment is prohibited by <span class="dictionary">law</span>. <a id="paragraph-274873" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-411/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1992, c. 693.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
