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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>58496</law_id><section_number>8.3A-416</section_number><catch_line>Transfer warranties</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.3A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Negotiable Instruments</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="4">Liability of Parties</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> A person who transfers an instrument for consideration warrants to the transferee and, if the transfer is by endorsement, to any subsequent transferee that: <a id="paragraph-214378" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-416/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> the warrantor is a person entitled to enforce the instrument; <a id="paragraph-214379" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-416/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> all signatures on the instrument are authentic and authorized; <a id="paragraph-214380" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-416/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> the instrument has not been altered; <a id="paragraph-214381" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-416/#a3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> the instrument is not subject to a defense or claim in recoupment of any <span class="dictionary">party</span> which can be asserted against the warrantor; and <a id="paragraph-214382" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-416/#a4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> the warrantor has no knowledge of any insolvency proceeding commenced with respect to the maker or acceptor or, in the case of an unaccepted draft, the drawer. <a id="paragraph-214383" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-416/#a5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> A person to whom the warranties under subsection (a) are made and who took the instrument in good faith may recover from the warrantor as <span class="dictionary">damages</span> for breach of warranty an amount equal to the loss suffered as a result of the breach, but not more than the amount of the instrument plus expenses and loss of interest incurred as a result of the breach. <a id="paragraph-214384" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-416/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> The warranties stated in subsection (a) cannot be disclaimed with respect to checks. Unless notice of a claim for breach of warranty is given to the warrantor within thirty days after the claimant has reason to know of the breach and the identity of the warrantor, the liability of the warrantor under subsection (b) is discharged to the extent of any loss caused by the delay in giving notice of the claim. <a id="paragraph-214385" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-416/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> A <span class="dictionary">cause of action</span> for breach of warranty under this section accrues when the claimant has reason to know of the breach. <a id="paragraph-214386" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-416/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7;&#xA7; 6-417, 6-421; 1964, c. 219, &#xA7; 8.3-417; 1992, c. 693.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
