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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>74618</law_id><section_number>8.3A-505</section_number><catch_line>Evidence of dishonor</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.3A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Negotiable Instruments</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="5">Dishonor</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> The following are <span class="dictionary">admissible</span> as <span class="dictionary">evidence</span> and create a <span class="dictionary">presumption</span> of dishonor and of any notice of dishonor stated: <a id="paragraph-268181" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-505/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> a document regular in form as provided in subsection (b) which purports to be a protest; <a id="paragraph-268182" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-505/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> a purported stamp or writing of the drawee, payor bank, or presenting bank on or accompanying the instrument stating that acceptance or payment has been refused unless reasons for the refusal are stated and the reasons are not consistent with dishonor; <a id="paragraph-268183" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-505/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> a book or record of the drawee, payor bank, or collecting bank, kept in the usual course of business which shows dishonor, even if there is no <span class="dictionary">evidence</span> of who made the entry. <a id="paragraph-268184" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-505/#a3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> A protest is a certificate of dishonor made by a United States consul or vice-consul, or a notary public or other person authorized to administer <span class="dictionary">oaths</span> by the <span class="dictionary">law</span> of the place where dishonor occurs. It may be made upon information satisfactory to that person. The protest must identify the instrument and certify either that <span class="dictionary">presentment</span> has been made or, if not made, the reason why it was not made, and that the instrument has been dishonored by nonacceptance or nonpayment. The protest may also certify that notice of dishonor has been given to some or all parties. <a id="paragraph-268185" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.3A-505/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7;&#xA7; 6-506 through 6-509, 6-511, 6-513; 1964, c. 219, &#xA7;&#xA7; 8.3-509, 8.3-510; 1992, c. 693.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
