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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>73125</law_id><section_number>8.4-104</section_number><catch_line>Definitions and index of definitions</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.3A-103</reference><reference>8.4A-105</reference><reference>8.9A-102</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.4">Commercial Code &#x2014; Bank Deposits and Collections</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="1">General Provisions and Definitions</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> In this title, unless the context otherwise requires: <a id="paragraph-263298" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Account</span>&#x201D; means any deposit or credit <span class="dictionary">account</span> with a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> including demand, time savings passbook, share <span class="dictionary">draft</span>, or like <span class="dictionary">account</span>, other than an <span class="dictionary">account</span> evidenced by a certificate of deposit; <a id="paragraph-263299" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Afternoon</span>&#x201D; means the period of a day between noon and midnight; <a id="paragraph-263300" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Banking day</span>&#x201D; means the part of a day on which a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> is open to the public for carrying on substantially all of its banking functions, but shall not include Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday; <a id="paragraph-263301" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Clearing house</span>&#x201D; means an association of <span class="dictionary">banks</span> or other payors regularly clearing <span class="dictionary">items</span>; <a id="paragraph-263302" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Customer</span>&#x201D; means a person having an <span class="dictionary">account</span> with a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> or for whom a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> has agreed to collect <span class="dictionary">items</span>, including a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> that maintains an <span class="dictionary">account</span> at another <span class="dictionary">bank</span>; <a id="paragraph-263303" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a6" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Documentary draft</span>&#x201D; means any negotiable or nonnegotiable draft with accompanying documents, securities or other papers to be delivered against honor of the draft; or a draft to be presented for acceptance or payment if specified documents, certificated securities (&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/8.8A-102/">8.8A-102</a>) or instructions for uncertified securities (&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/8.8A-102/">8.8A-102</a>), or other certificates, statements, or the like are to be received by the <span class="dictionary">drawee</span> or other payor before acceptance or payment of the draft; <a id="paragraph-263304" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a7" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">7.</span> &#x201C;Draft&#x201D; means a draft as defined in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Negotiable instrument" href="/8.3A-104/">8.3A-104</a> or an <span class="dictionary">item</span>, other than an instrument, that is an <span class="dictionary">order</span>; <a id="paragraph-263305" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a7"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a8" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">8.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Drawee</span>&#x201D; means a person ordered in a draft to make payment; <a id="paragraph-263306" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a8"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a9" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">9.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Item</span>&#x201D; means an instrument or a promise or <span class="dictionary">order</span> to pay money handled by a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> for collection or payment. The term does not include a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> governed by Article 4A or a credit or debit card slip; <a id="paragraph-263307" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a9"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a10" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">10.</span> &#x201C;Midnight deadline&#x201D; with respect to a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> is midnight on its next <span class="dictionary">banking day</span> following the <span class="dictionary">banking day</span> on which it receives the relevant <span class="dictionary">item</span> or notice or from which the time for taking action commences to run, whichever is later; <a id="paragraph-263308" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a10"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a11" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">11.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Settle</span>&#x201D; means to pay in cash, by clearing-house <span class="dictionary">settlement</span>, in a charge or credit or by remittance, or otherwise as agreed. A <span class="dictionary">settlement</span> may be either provisional or final; <a id="paragraph-263309" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a11"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a12" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">12.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Suspends payments</span>&#x201D; with respect to a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> means that it has been closed by <span class="dictionary">order</span> of the supervisory authorities, that a public officer has been appointed to take it over or that it ceases or refuses to make payments in the ordinary course of business. <a id="paragraph-263310" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#a12"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> Other definitions applying to this title and the sections in which they appear are:
			&#x201C;Agreement for electronic <span class="dictionary">presentment</span>&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Electronic presentment" href="/8.4-110/">8.4-110</a>.
			&#x201C;Bank&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="&quot;Bank&quot;; &quot;depositary bank&quot;; &quot;intermediary bank&quot;; &quot;collecting bank&quot;; &quot;payor bank&quot;; &quot;presenting bank.&quot;" href="/8.4-105/">8.4-105</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Collecting bank</span>&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="&quot;Bank&quot;; &quot;depositary bank&quot;; &quot;intermediary bank&quot;; &quot;collecting bank&quot;; &quot;payor bank&quot;; &quot;presenting bank.&quot;" href="/8.4-105/">8.4-105</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Depositary bank</span>&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="&quot;Bank&quot;; &quot;depositary bank&quot;; &quot;intermediary bank&quot;; &quot;collecting bank&quot;; &quot;payor bank&quot;; &quot;presenting bank.&quot;" href="/8.4-105/">8.4-105</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Intermediary bank</span>&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="&quot;Bank&quot;; &quot;depositary bank&quot;; &quot;intermediary bank&quot;; &quot;collecting bank&quot;; &quot;payor bank&quot;; &quot;presenting bank.&quot;" href="/8.4-105/">8.4-105</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Payor bank</span>&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="&quot;Bank&quot;; &quot;depositary bank&quot;; &quot;intermediary bank&quot;; &quot;collecting bank&quot;; &quot;payor bank&quot;; &quot;presenting bank.&quot;" href="/8.4-105/">8.4-105</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Presenting bank</span>&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="&quot;Bank&quot;; &quot;depositary bank&quot;; &quot;intermediary bank&quot;; &quot;collecting bank&quot;; &quot;payor bank&quot;; &quot;presenting bank.&quot;" href="/8.4-105/">8.4-105</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Presentment</span> notice&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Electronic presentment" href="/8.4-110/">8.4-110</a>. <a id="paragraph-263311" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> The following definitions in other titles apply to this title:
			&#x201C;Acceptance&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Acceptance of draft; certified check" href="/8.3A-409/">8.3A-409</a>.
			&#x201C;Alteration&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Alteration" href="/8.3A-407/">8.3A-407</a>.
			&#x201C;Cashier&#x2019;s check&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Negotiable instrument" href="/8.3A-104/">8.3A-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Certificate of deposit&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Negotiable instrument" href="/8.3A-104/">8.3A-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Certified check&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Acceptance of draft; certified check" href="/8.3A-409/">8.3A-409</a>.
			&#x201C;Check&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Negotiable instrument" href="/8.3A-104/">8.3A-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Control&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Control of electronic document" href="/8.7-106/">8.7-106</a>.
			&#x201C;Draft&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Negotiable instrument" href="/8.3A-104/">8.3A-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Good faith&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/8.3A-103/">8.3A-103</a>.
			&#x201C;Holder in due course&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Holder in due course" href="/8.3A-302/">8.3A-302</a>.
			&#x201C;Instrument&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Negotiable instrument" href="/8.3A-104/">8.3A-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Notice of dishonor&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Notice of dishonor" href="/8.3A-503/">8.3A-503</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Order</span>&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/8.3A-103/">8.3A-103</a>.
			&#x201C;Ordinary care&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/8.3A-103/">8.3A-103</a>.
			&#x201C;Person entitled to enforce&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Person entitled to enforce instrument" href="/8.3A-301/">8.3A-301</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Presentment</span>&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Presentment" href="/8.3A-501/">8.3A-501</a>.
			&#x201C;Promise&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/8.3A-103/">8.3A-103</a>.
			&#x201C;Prove&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/8.3A-103/">8.3A-103</a>.
			&#x201C;Teller&#x2019;s check&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Negotiable instrument" href="/8.3A-104/">8.3A-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Unauthorized signature&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Unauthorized signature" href="/8.3A-403/">8.3A-403</a>. <a id="paragraph-263312" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> In addition Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title. <a id="paragraph-263313" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4-104/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1964, c. 219; 1976, c. 118; 1992, c. 693; 1996, c. 216; 2003, c. 353; 2004, c. 200.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
