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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>76749</law_id><section_number>8.4A-105</section_number><catch_line>Other definitions</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.4A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Funds Transfers</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="1">Subject Matter and Definitions</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> In this title: <a id="paragraph-275609" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-105/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Authorized account</span>&#x201D; means a deposit account of a <span class="dictionary">customer</span> in a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> designated by the <span class="dictionary">customer</span> as a source of payment <span class="dictionary">orders</span> issued by the <span class="dictionary">customer</span> to the <span class="dictionary">bank</span>. If a <span class="dictionary">customer</span> does so designate an account, any account of the <span class="dictionary">customer</span> is an <span class="dictionary">authorized account</span> if payment of a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> from that account is not inconsistent with a restriction on the use of that account. <a id="paragraph-275610" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-105/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Bank</span>&#x201D; means a person engaged in the business of banking and includes a savings <span class="dictionary">bank</span>, savings and loan association, credit union, and trust company. A branch or separate office of a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> is a separate <span class="dictionary">bank</span> for purposes of this title. <a id="paragraph-275611" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-105/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Customer</span>&#x201D; means a person, including a <span class="dictionary">bank</span>, having an account with a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> or from whom a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> has agreed to receive payment <span class="dictionary">orders</span>. <a id="paragraph-275612" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-105/#a3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Funds-transfer business day</span>&#x201D; of a receiving <span class="dictionary">bank</span> means the part of a day during which the receiving <span class="dictionary">bank</span> is open for the receipt, processing, and transmittal of payment <span class="dictionary">orders</span> and cancellations and amendments of payment <span class="dictionary">orders</span>. <a id="paragraph-275613" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-105/#a4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Funds-transfer system</span>&#x201D; means a wire transfer network, automated clearinghouse, or other communication system of a clearinghouse or other association of <span class="dictionary">banks</span> through which a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> by a <span class="dictionary">bank</span> may be transmitted to the <span class="dictionary">bank</span> to which the <span class="dictionary">order</span> is addressed. <a id="paragraph-275614" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-105/#a5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a6" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Good faith</span>&#x201D; means honesty in <span class="dictionary">fact</span> and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. <a id="paragraph-275615" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-105/#a6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a7" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">7.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Prove</span>&#x201D; with respect to a <span class="dictionary">fact</span> means to meet the burden of establishing the <span class="dictionary">fact</span> as provided in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="General definitions" href="/8.1A-201/">8.1A-201</a>(b)(8). <a id="paragraph-275616" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-105/#a7"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> Other definitions applying to this title and the sections in which they appear are:
			&#x201C;Acceptance&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Acceptance of payment order" href="/8.4A-209/">8.4A-209</a>.
			&#x201C;Beneficiary&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Payment order&quot;; &quot;Beneficiary&quot;; &quot;Beneficiary's bank&quot;; &quot;Receiving bank&quot;; &quot;Sender.&quot;" href="/8.4A-103/">8.4A-103</a>.
			&#x201C;Beneficiary&#x2019;s bank&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Payment order&quot;; &quot;Beneficiary&quot;; &quot;Beneficiary's bank&quot;; &quot;Receiving bank&quot;; &quot;Sender.&quot;" href="/8.4A-103/">8.4A-103</a>.
			&#x201C;Executed&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Execution and execution date" href="/8.4A-301/">8.4A-301</a>.
			&#x201C;Execution date&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Execution and execution date" href="/8.4A-301/">8.4A-301</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Funds transfer</span>&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Funds transfer&quot;; &quot;Intermediary bank&quot;; &quot;Originator&quot;; &quot;Originator's bank.&quot;" href="/8.4A-104/">8.4A-104</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Funds-transfer system</span> rule&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Variation by agreement and effect of funds-transfer system rule" href="/8.4A-501/">8.4A-501</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Intermediary bank</span>&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Funds transfer&quot;; &quot;Intermediary bank&quot;; &quot;Originator&quot;; &quot;Originator's bank.&quot;" href="/8.4A-104/">8.4A-104</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Originator</span>&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Funds transfer&quot;; &quot;Intermediary bank&quot;; &quot;Originator&quot;; &quot;Originator's bank.&quot;" href="/8.4A-104/">8.4A-104</a>.
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Originator</span>&#x2019;s bank&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Funds transfer&quot;; &quot;Intermediary bank&quot;; &quot;Originator&quot;; &quot;Originator's bank.&quot;" href="/8.4A-104/">8.4A-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Payment by beneficiary&#x2019;s bank to beneficiary&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Payment by beneficiary's bank to beneficiary" href="/8.4A-405/">8.4A-405</a>.
			&#x201C;Payment by <span class="dictionary">originator</span> to beneficiary&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Payment by originator to beneficiary; discharge of underlying obligation" href="/8.4A-406/">8.4A-406</a>.
			&#x201C;Payment by sender to receiving bank&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Payment by sender to receiving bank" href="/8.4A-403/">8.4A-403</a>.
			&#x201C;Payment date&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Payment date" href="/8.4A-401/">8.4A-401</a>.
			&#x201C;Payment <span class="dictionary">order</span>&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Payment order&quot;; &quot;Beneficiary&quot;; &quot;Beneficiary's bank&quot;; &quot;Receiving bank&quot;; &quot;Sender.&quot;" href="/8.4A-103/">8.4A-103</a>.
			&#x201C;Receiving bank&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Payment order&quot;; &quot;Beneficiary&quot;; &quot;Beneficiary's bank&quot;; &quot;Receiving bank&quot;; &quot;Sender.&quot;" href="/8.4A-103/">8.4A-103</a>.
			&#x201C;Security procedure&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Security procedure" href="/8.4A-201/">8.4A-201</a>.
			&#x201C;Sender&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Payment order&quot;; &quot;Beneficiary&quot;; &quot;Beneficiary's bank&quot;; &quot;Receiving bank&quot;; &quot;Sender.&quot;" href="/8.4A-103/">8.4A-103</a>. <a id="paragraph-275617" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-105/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> The following definitions in Title 8.4 apply to this title:
			&#x201C;Clearinghouse&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions and index of definitions" href="/8.4-104/">8.4-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Item&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions and index of definitions" href="/8.4-104/">8.4-104</a>.
			&#x201C;Suspends payments&#x201D;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions and index of definitions" href="/8.4-104/">8.4-104</a>. <a id="paragraph-275618" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-105/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> In addition, Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title. <a id="paragraph-275619" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-105/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1990, c. 9; 2003, c. 353.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
