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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>68248</law_id><section_number>8.4A-203</section_number><catch_line>Unenforceability of certain verified payment orders</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.4A-202</reference><reference>8.4A-204</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.4A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Funds Transfers</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="2">Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> If an accepted payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> is not, under subsection (a) of &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Authorized and verified payment orders" href="/8.4A-202/">8.4A-202</a>, an authorized <span class="dictionary">order</span> of a customer identified as sender, but is effective as an <span class="dictionary">order</span> of the customer pursuant to subsection (b) of &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Authorized and verified payment orders" href="/8.4A-202/">8.4A-202</a>, the following rules apply: <a id="paragraph-246952" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-203/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> By express agreement evidenced by a record, the receiving bank may limit the extent to which it is entitled to enforce or retain payment of the payment <span class="dictionary">order</span>. <a id="paragraph-246953" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-203/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The receiving bank is not entitled to enforce or retain payment of payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> if the customer proves that the <span class="dictionary">order</span> was not caused, directly or indirectly, by a person (i) entrusted at any time with duties to act for the customer with respect to payment <span class="dictionary">orders</span> or the security procedure, or (ii) who obtained access to transmitting facilities of the customer or who obtained, from a source controlled by the customer and without authority of the receiving bank, information facilitating breach of the security procedure, regardless of how the information was obtained or whether the customer was at fault. Information includes any access device, computer software, or the like. <a id="paragraph-246954" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-203/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> This section applies to amendments of payment <span class="dictionary">orders</span> to the same extent it applies to payment <span class="dictionary">orders</span>. <a id="paragraph-246955" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-203/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1990, c. 9; 2024, c. 652.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
