<?xml version="1.0"?>
<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>78010</law_id><section_number>8.4A-204</section_number><catch_line>Refund of payment and duty of customer to report with respect to unauthorized payment order</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.4A-402</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.4A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Funds Transfers</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="2">Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> If a receiving bank accepts a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> issued in the name of its customer as sender which is (i) not authorized and not effective as the <span class="dictionary">order</span> of the customer under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Authorized and verified payment orders" href="/8.4A-202/">8.4A-202</a>, or (ii) not enforceable, in whole or in part, against the customer under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Unenforceability of certain verified payment orders" href="/8.4A-203/">8.4A-203</a>, the bank shall refund any payment of the payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> received from the customer to the extent the bank is not entitled to enforce payment and shall pay interest on the refundable amount calculated from the date the bank received payment to the date of the refund. However, the customer is not entitled to interest from the bank on the amount to be refunded if the customer fails to exercise ordinary care to determine that the <span class="dictionary">order</span> was not authorized by the customer and to notify the bank of the relevant <span class="dictionary">facts</span> within a reasonable time not exceeding 90 days after the date the customer received notification from the bank that the <span class="dictionary">order</span> was accepted or that the customer&#x2019;s account was debited with respect to the <span class="dictionary">order</span>. The bank is not entitled to any recovery from the customer on account of a failure by the customer to give notification as stated in this section. <a id="paragraph-279697" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-204/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> Reasonable time under subsection (a) of this section may be fixed by agreement as stated in subsection (b) of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Variation by agreement" href="/8.1A-302/">8.1A-302</a>, but the obligation of a receiving bank to refund payment as stated in subsection (a) of this section may not otherwise be varied by agreement. <a id="paragraph-279698" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-204/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1990, c. 9; 2003, c. 353.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
