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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>75010</law_id><section_number>8.4A-305</section_number><catch_line>Liability for late or improper execution or failure to execute payment order</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.4A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Funds Transfers</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="3">Execution of Sender's Payment Order by Receiving Bank</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> If a <span class="dictionary">funds transfer</span> is completed but execution of a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> by the receiving bank in breach of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Obligations of receiving bank in execution of payment order" href="/8.4A-302/">8.4A-302</a> results in delay in payment to the beneficiary, the bank is obliged to pay interest to either the <span class="dictionary">originator</span> or the beneficiary of the <span class="dictionary">funds transfer</span> for the period of delay caused by the improper execution. Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, additional <span class="dictionary">damages</span> are not recoverable. <a id="paragraph-269441" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-305/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> If execution of a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> by a receiving bank in breach of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Obligations of receiving bank in execution of payment order" href="/8.4A-302/">8.4A-302</a> results in (i) noncompletion of the <span class="dictionary">funds transfer</span>, (ii) failure to use an <span class="dictionary">intermediary bank</span> designated by the <span class="dictionary">originator</span>, or (iii) issuance of a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> that does not comply with the terms of the payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> of the <span class="dictionary">originator</span>, the bank is liable to the <span class="dictionary">originator</span> for its expenses in the <span class="dictionary">funds transfer</span> and for incidental expenses and interest losses, to the extent not covered by subsection (a) of this section, resulting from the improper execution. Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, additional <span class="dictionary">damages</span> are not recoverable. <a id="paragraph-269442" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-305/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> In addition to the amounts payable under subsections (a) and (b) of this section, <span class="dictionary">damages</span>, including consequential <span class="dictionary">damages</span>, are recoverable to the extent provided in an express agreement of the receiving bank, evidenced by a record. <a id="paragraph-269443" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-305/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> If a receiving bank fails to execute a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> it was obliged by express agreement to execute, the receiving bank is liable to the sender for its expenses in the transaction and for incidental expenses and interest losses resulting from the failure to execute. Additional <span class="dictionary">damages</span>, including consequential <span class="dictionary">damages</span>, are recoverable to the extent provided in an express agreement of the receiving bank, evidenced by a record, but are not otherwise recoverable. <a id="paragraph-269444" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-305/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> Reasonable attorney&#x2019;s fees are recoverable if demand for compensation under subsection (a) or (b) of this section is made and refused before an action is brought on the claim. If a claim is made for breach of an agreement under subsection (d) of this section, and the agreement does not provide for <span class="dictionary">damages</span>, reasonable attorney&#x2019;s fees are recoverable if demand for compensation under subsection (d) of this section, is made and refused before an action is brought on the claim. <a id="paragraph-269445" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-305/#e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f"><p><span class="prefix-number">f.</span> Except as stated in this section, the liability of a receiving bank under subsections (a) and (b) of this section may not be varied by agreement. <a id="paragraph-269446" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-305/#f"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1990, c. 9; 2024, c. 652.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
