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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>81579</law_id><section_number>8.4A-402</section_number><catch_line>Obligation of sender to pay receiving bank</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.4A-303</reference><reference>8.4A-304</reference><reference>8.4A-403</reference><reference>8.4A-405</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.4A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Funds Transfers</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="4">Payment</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> This section is subject to &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Erroneous payment orders" href="/8.4A-205/">8.4A-205</a> and <a class="law" title="Misdescription of beneficiary" href="/8.4A-207/">8.4A-207</a>. <a id="paragraph-292173" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-402/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> With respect to a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> issued to the beneficiary&#x2019;s bank, acceptance of the <span class="dictionary">order</span> by the bank obliges the sender to pay the bank the amount of the <span class="dictionary">order</span>, but payment is not due until the payment date of the <span class="dictionary">order</span>. <a id="paragraph-292174" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-402/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> This subsection is subject to subsection (e) of this section, and to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Erroneous execution of payment order" href="/8.4A-303/">8.4A-303</a>. With respect to a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> issued to a receiving bank other than the beneficiary&#x2019;s bank, acceptance of the <span class="dictionary">order</span> by the receiving bank obliges the sender to pay the bank the amount of the sender&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">order</span>. Payment by the sender is not due until the execution date of the sender&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">order</span>. The obligation of that sender to pay its payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> is excused if the <span class="dictionary">funds transfer</span> is not completed by acceptance by the beneficiary&#x2019;s bank of a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> instructing payment to the beneficiary of that sender&#x2019;s payment <span class="dictionary">order</span>. <a id="paragraph-292175" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-402/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> If the sender of a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> pays the <span class="dictionary">order</span> and was not obliged to pay all or part of the amount paid, the bank receiving payment is obliged to refund payment to the extent the sender was not obliged to pay. Except as provided in &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Refund of payment and duty of customer to report with respect to unauthorized payment order" href="/8.4A-204/">8.4A-204</a> and <a class="law" title="Duty of sender to report erroneously executed payment order" href="/8.4A-304/">8.4A-304</a>, interest is payable on the refundable amount from the date of payment. <a id="paragraph-292176" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-402/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> If a <span class="dictionary">funds transfer</span> is not completed as stated in subsection (c) of this section, and an <span class="dictionary">intermediary bank</span> is obliged to refund payment as stated in subsection (d) of this section, but is unable to do so because not permitted by applicable <span class="dictionary">law</span> or because the bank suspends payments, a sender in the <span class="dictionary">funds transfer</span> that executed a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> in compliance with an instruction, as stated in subdivision (a) (1) of &#xA7; 8.4 A-302, to route the <span class="dictionary">funds transfer</span> through that <span class="dictionary">intermediary bank</span> is entitled to receive or retain payment from the sender of the payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> that it accepted. The first sender in the <span class="dictionary">funds transfer</span> that issued an instruction requiring routing through that <span class="dictionary">intermediary bank</span> is subrogated to the right of the bank that paid the <span class="dictionary">intermediary bank</span> to refund as stated in subsection (d) of this section. <a id="paragraph-292177" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-402/#e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f"><p><span class="prefix-number">f.</span> The right of the sender of a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> to be excused from the obligation to pay the <span class="dictionary">order</span> as stated in subsection (c) of this section, or to receive refund under subsection (d) of this section, may not be varied by agreement. <a id="paragraph-292178" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-402/#f"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1990, c. 9.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
