<?xml version="1.0"?>
<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>59560</law_id><section_number>8.4A-502</section_number><catch_line>Creditor process served on receiving bank; setoff by beneficiary&amp;#8217;s bank</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.4A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Funds Transfers</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="5">Miscellaneous Provisions</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> As used in this section, &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">creditor process</span>&#x201D; means <span class="dictionary">levy</span>, <span class="dictionary">attachment</span>, <span class="dictionary">garnishment</span>, notice of <span class="dictionary">lien</span>, sequestration, or similar process issued by or on behalf of a creditor or other claimant with respect to an account. <a id="paragraph-218179" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-502/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> This subsection applies to <span class="dictionary">creditor process</span> with respect to an authorized account of the sender of a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> if the <span class="dictionary">creditor process</span> is served on the receiving bank. For the purpose of determining rights with respect to the <span class="dictionary">creditor process</span>, if the receiving bank accepts the payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> the balance in the authorized account is deemed to be reduced by the amount of the payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> to the extent the bank did not otherwise receive payment of the <span class="dictionary">order</span>, unless the <span class="dictionary">creditor process</span> is served at a time and in a manner affording the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before the bank accepts the payment <span class="dictionary">order</span>. <a id="paragraph-218180" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-502/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> If a beneficiary&#x2019;s bank has received a payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> for payment to the beneficiary&#x2019;s account in the bank, the following rules apply: <a id="paragraph-218181" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-502/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The bank may credit the beneficiary&#x2019;s account. The amount credited may be set off against an obligation owed by the beneficiary to the bank or may be applied to satisfy <span class="dictionary">creditor process</span> served on the bank with respect to the account. <a id="paragraph-218182" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-502/#c1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The bank may credit the beneficiary&#x2019;s account and allow withdrawal of the amount credited unless <span class="dictionary">creditor process</span> with respect to the account is served at a time and in a manner affording the bank a reasonable opportunity to act to prevent withdrawal. <a id="paragraph-218183" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-502/#c2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> If <span class="dictionary">creditor process</span> with respect to the beneficiary&#x2019;s account has been served and the bank has had a reasonable opportunity to act on it, the bank may not reject the payment <span class="dictionary">order</span> except for a reason unrelated to the <span class="dictionary">service of process</span>. <a id="paragraph-218184" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-502/#c3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> <span class="dictionary">Creditor process</span> with respect to a payment by the <span class="dictionary">originator</span> to the beneficiary pursuant to a <span class="dictionary">funds transfer</span> may be served only on the beneficiary&#x2019;s bank with respect to the debt owed by that bank to the beneficiary. Any other bank served with the <span class="dictionary">creditor process</span> is not obliged to act with respect to the process. <a id="paragraph-218185" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.4A-502/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1990, c. 9.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
