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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>84859</law_id><section_number>8.5A-108</section_number><catch_line>Issuer&amp;#8217;s rights and obligations</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.5A-102</reference><reference>8.5A-112</reference><reference>8.5A-113</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.5A">Uniform Commercial Code &#x2014; Letters of Credit</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> Except as otherwise provided in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Fraud and forgery" href="/8.5A-109/">8.5A-109</a>, an issuer shall honor a presentation that, as determined by the standard practice referred to in subsection (e), appears on its face strictly to comply with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit. Except as otherwise provided in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Transfer by operation of law" href="/8.5A-113/">8.5A-113</a> and unless otherwise agreed with the applicant, an issuer shall dishonor a presentation that does not appear so to comply. <a id="paragraph-304007" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> An issuer has a reasonable time after presentation, but not beyond the end of the seventh business day of the issuer after the day of its receipt of documents: <a id="paragraph-304008" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> to honor; <a id="paragraph-304009" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#b1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> if the letter of credit provides for honor to be completed more than seven business days after presentation, to accept a draft or incur a deferred obligation; or <a id="paragraph-304010" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#b2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> to give notice to the presenter of discrepancies in the presentation. <a id="paragraph-304011" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#b3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), an issuer is precluded from asserting as a basis for dishonor any discrepancy if timely notice is not given, or any discrepancy not stated in the notice if timely notice is given. <a id="paragraph-304012" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> Failure to give the notice specified in subsection (b) or to mention <span class="dictionary">fraud</span>, <span class="dictionary">forgery</span>, or expiration in the notice does not preclude the issuer from asserting as a basis for dishonor <span class="dictionary">fraud</span> or <span class="dictionary">forgery</span> as described in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Fraud and forgery" href="/8.5A-109/">8.5A-109</a>(a) or expiration of the letter of credit before presentation. <a id="paragraph-304013" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> An issuer shall observe standard practice of financial institutions that regularly <span class="dictionary">issue</span> letters of credit. Determination of the issuer&#x2019;s observance of the standard practice is a matter of interpretation for the <span class="dictionary">court</span>. The <span class="dictionary">court</span> shall offer the parties a reasonable opportunity to present <span class="dictionary">evidence</span> of the standard practice. <a id="paragraph-304014" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f"><p><span class="prefix-number">f.</span> An issuer is not responsible for: <a id="paragraph-304015" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#f"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> the performance or nonperformance of the underlying <span class="dictionary">contract</span>, arrangement, or transaction; <a id="paragraph-304016" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#f1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> an act or omission of others; or <a id="paragraph-304017" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#f2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> observance or knowledge of the usage of a particular trade other than the standard practice referred to in subsection (e). <a id="paragraph-304018" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#f3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="g"><p><span class="prefix-number">g.</span> If an undertaking constituting a letter of credit under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/8.5A-102/">8.5A-102</a>(a) (10) contains nondocumentary conditions, an issuer shall disregard the nondocumentary conditions and treat them as if they were not stated. <a id="paragraph-304019" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#g"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="h"><p><span class="prefix-number">h.</span> An issuer that has dishonored a presentation shall return the documents or hold them at the disposal of, and send advice to that effect to, the presenter. <a id="paragraph-304020" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#h"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="i"><p><span class="prefix-number">i.</span> An issuer that has honored a presentation as permitted or required by this title: <a id="paragraph-304021" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#i"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="i1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> is entitled to be reimbursed by the applicant in immediately available funds not later than the date of its payment of funds; <a id="paragraph-304022" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#i1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="i2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> takes the documents free of claims of the beneficiary or presenter; <a id="paragraph-304023" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#i2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="i3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> is precluded from asserting a right of recourse on a draft under &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Obligation of drawer" href="/8.3A-414/">8.3A-414</a> and <a class="law" title="Obligation of endorser" href="/8.3A-415/">8.3A-415</a>; <a id="paragraph-304024" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#i3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="i4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> except as otherwise provided in &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Warranties" href="/8.5A-110/">8.5A-110</a> and <a class="law" title="Subrogation of issuer, applicant, and nominated person" href="/8.5A-117/">8.5A-117</a>, is precluded from <span class="dictionary">restitution</span> of money paid or other value given by mistake to the extent the mistake concerns discrepancies in the documents or tender which are apparent on the face of the presentation; and <a id="paragraph-304025" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#i4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="i5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> is discharged to the extent of its performance under the letter of credit unless the issuer honored a presentation in which a required signature of a beneficiary was forged. <a id="paragraph-304026" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-108/#i5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1997, c. 343.</history><metadata><court_decisions></court_decisions></metadata></law>
