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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>68535</law_id><section_number>8.5A-109</section_number><catch_line>Fraud and forgery</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.2-512</reference><reference>8.5A-108</reference><reference>8.5A-110</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.5A">Uniform Commercial Code &#x2014; Letters of Credit</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> If a presentation is made that appears on its face strictly to comply with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit, but a required document is forged or materially fraudulent, or honor of the presentation would facilitate a <span class="dictionary">material</span> <span class="dictionary">fraud</span> by the beneficiary on the issuer or applicant: <a id="paragraph-248085" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-109/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> the issuer shall honor the presentation, if honor is demanded by (i) a nominated person who has given value in good faith and without notice of <span class="dictionary">forgery</span> or <span class="dictionary">material</span> <span class="dictionary">fraud</span>, (ii) a confirmer who has honored its confirmation in good faith, (iii) a holder in due course of a draft drawn under the letter of credit which was taken after acceptance by the issuer or nominated person, or (iv) an assignee of the issuer&#x2019;s or nominated person&#x2019;s deferred obligation that was taken for value and without notice of <span class="dictionary">forgery</span> or <span class="dictionary">material</span> <span class="dictionary">fraud</span> after the obligation was incurred by the issuer or nominated person; and <a id="paragraph-248086" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-109/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> the issuer, acting in good faith, may honor or dishonor the presentation in any other case. <a id="paragraph-248087" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-109/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> If an applicant claims that a required document is forged or materially fraudulent or that honor of the presentation would facilitate a <span class="dictionary">material</span> <span class="dictionary">fraud</span> by the beneficiary on the issuer or applicant, a <span class="dictionary">court</span> of competent <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> may temporarily or permanently enjoin the issuer from honoring a presentation or grant similar relief against the issuer or other persons only if the <span class="dictionary">court</span> finds that: <a id="paragraph-248088" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-109/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> the relief is not prohibited under the <span class="dictionary">law</span> applicable to an accepted draft or deferred obligation incurred by the issuer; <a id="paragraph-248089" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-109/#b1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> a beneficiary, issuer, or nominated person who may be adversely affected is adequately protected against loss that it may suffer because the relief is granted; <a id="paragraph-248090" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-109/#b2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> all of the conditions to entitle a person to the relief under the <span class="dictionary">law</span> of this Commonwealth have been met; and <a id="paragraph-248091" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-109/#b3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> on the basis of the information submitted to the <span class="dictionary">court</span>, the applicant is more likely than not to succeed under its claim of <span class="dictionary">forgery</span> or <span class="dictionary">material</span> <span class="dictionary">fraud</span> and the person demanding honor does not qualify for protection under subsection (a) (1). <a id="paragraph-248092" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.5A-109/#b4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1997, c. 343.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
