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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>67942</law_id><section_number>8.7-102</section_number><catch_line>Definitions and index of definitions</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>55.1-2900</reference><reference>8.2-103</reference><reference>8.9A-102</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.7">Commercial Code &#x2014; Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="1">General</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> In this title, unless the context otherwise requires: <a id="paragraph-246041" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1a" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Bailee</span>&#x201D; means the person who by a warehouse receipt, bill of lading or other <span class="dictionary">document</span> acknowledges <span class="dictionary">possession</span> of <span class="dictionary">goods</span> and <span class="dictionary">contracts</span> to deliver them. <a id="paragraph-246042" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1b" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Carrier</span>&#x201D; means a person that <span class="dictionary">issues</span> a bill of lading. <a id="paragraph-246043" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1c" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Consignee</span>&#x201D; means the person named in a bill to whom or to whose <span class="dictionary">order</span> the bill promises delivery. <a id="paragraph-246044" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1d" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Consignor</span>&#x201D; means the person named in a bill as the person from whom the <span class="dictionary">goods</span> have been received for shipment. <a id="paragraph-246045" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1e" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Delivery order</span>&#x201D; means a record that contains an order to deliver <span class="dictionary">goods</span> directed to a warehouseman, <span class="dictionary">carrier</span> or other person who in the ordinary course of business <span class="dictionary">issues</span> warehouse receipts or bills of lading. <a id="paragraph-246046" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1f" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">f.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Document</span>&#x201D; means <span class="dictionary">document</span> of title as defined in the general definitions in Title 8.1A (&#xA7; <a class="law" title="General definitions" href="/8.1A-201/">8.1A-201</a>). <a id="paragraph-246047" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1f"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1g" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">g.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Good faith</span>&#x201D; means honesty in <span class="dictionary">fact</span> and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. <a id="paragraph-246048" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1g"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1h" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">h.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Goods</span>&#x201D; means all things that are treated as movable for the purposes of a <span class="dictionary">contract</span> of storage or transportation. <a id="paragraph-246049" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1h"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1i" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">i.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Issuer</span>&#x201D; means a <span class="dictionary">bailee</span> who <span class="dictionary">issues</span> a <span class="dictionary">document</span> except that in relation to an unaccepted <span class="dictionary">delivery order</span> it means the person who <span class="dictionary">orders</span> the possessor of <span class="dictionary">goods</span> to deliver. <span class="dictionary">Issuer</span> includes any person for whom an agent or employee purports to act in issuing a <span class="dictionary">document</span> if the agent or employee has real or apparent authority to <span class="dictionary">issue</span> <span class="dictionary">documents</span>, even if the <span class="dictionary">issuer</span> received no <span class="dictionary">goods</span>, the <span class="dictionary">goods</span> were misdescribed, or in any other respect the agent or employee violated the <span class="dictionary">issuer</span>&#x2019;s instructions. <a id="paragraph-246050" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1i"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1j" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">j.</span> [Reserved.] <a id="paragraph-246051" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1j"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1k" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">k.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Shipper</span>&#x201D; means a person that enters into a <span class="dictionary">contract</span> of transportation with a <span class="dictionary">carrier</span>. <a id="paragraph-246052" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1k"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1l" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">l.</span> [Reserved.] <a id="paragraph-246053" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1l"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="1m" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">m.</span> &#x201C;Warehouseman&#x201D; is a person engaged in the business of storing <span class="dictionary">goods</span> for hire. <a id="paragraph-246054" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#1m"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="2"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Other definitions applying to this title or to specified parts thereof, and the sections in which they appear are:
			&#x201C;Duly negotiate.&#x201D; &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Form of negotiation and requirements of &quot;due negotiation&quot;" href="/8.7-501/">8.7-501</a>.
			&#x201C;Person entitled under the <span class="dictionary">document</span>.&#x201D; &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Obligation of bailee to deliver; excuse" href="/8.7-403/">8.7-403</a>(4). <a id="paragraph-246055" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="3"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Definitions in other titles applying to this title and the sections in which they appear are:
			&#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Contract</span> for sale.&#x201D; &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions: &quot;Contract&quot;; &quot;agreement&quot;; &quot;contract for sale&quot;; &quot;sale&quot;; &quot;present sale&quot;; &quot;conforming&quot; to contract; &quot;termination&quot;; &quot;cancellation&quot;; &quot;hybrid transaction.&quot;" href="/8.2-106/">8.2-106</a>.
			&#x201C;Lessee in ordinary course.&#x201D; &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions and index of definitions" href="/8.2A-103/">8.2A-103</a>.
			&#x201C;Overseas.&#x201D; &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Form of bill of lading required in overseas shipment; &quot;Overseas.&quot;" href="/8.2-323/">8.2-323</a>.
			&#x201C;Receipt&#x201D; of <span class="dictionary">goods</span>. &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions and index of definitions" href="/8.2-103/">8.2-103</a>. <a id="paragraph-246056" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="4"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> In addition Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title. <a id="paragraph-246057" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.7-102/#4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7; 61-1; 1964, c. 219; 2003, c. 353; 2004, c. 200; 2024, c. 652.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
