<?xml version="1.0"?>
<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>82156</law_id><section_number>8.8A-107</section_number><catch_line>Whether endorsement, instruction or entitlement order is effective</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.8A-102</reference><reference>8.8A-402</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.8A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Investment Securities</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="1">Short Title and General Matters</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> &#x201C;Appropriate person&#x201D; means: <a id="paragraph-294474" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> with respect to an endorsement, the person specified by a security certificate or by an effective special endorsement to be entitled to the security; <a id="paragraph-294475" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> with respect to an instruction, the registered owner of an uncertificated security; <a id="paragraph-294476" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> with respect to an entitlement <span class="dictionary">order</span>, the entitlement holder; <a id="paragraph-294477" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#a3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> if the person designated in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) is deceased, the designated person&#x2019;s successor taking under other <span class="dictionary">law</span> or the designated person&#x2019;s personal representative acting for the estate of the decedent; or <a id="paragraph-294478" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#a4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> if the person designated in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) lacks capacity, the designated person&#x2019;s guardian, conservator, or other similar representative who has power under other <span class="dictionary">law</span> to transfer the security or financial asset. <a id="paragraph-294479" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#a5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> An endorsement, instruction, or entitlement <span class="dictionary">order</span> is effective if: <a id="paragraph-294480" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> it is made by the appropriate person; <a id="paragraph-294481" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#b1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> it is made by a person who has power under the <span class="dictionary">law</span> of agency to transfer the security or financial asset on behalf of the appropriate person, including, in the case of an instruction or entitlement <span class="dictionary">order</span>, a person who has control under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Control" href="/8.8A-106/">8.8A-106</a> (c) (2) or (d) (2); or <a id="paragraph-294482" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#b2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> the appropriate person has ratified it or is otherwise precluded from asserting its ineffectiveness. <a id="paragraph-294483" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#b3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> An endorsement, instruction, or entitlement <span class="dictionary">order</span> made by a representative is effective even if: <a id="paragraph-294484" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> the representative has failed to comply with a controlling instrument or with the <span class="dictionary">law</span> of the state having <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> of the representative relationship, including any <span class="dictionary">law</span> requiring the representative to obtain <span class="dictionary">court</span> approval of the transaction; or <a id="paragraph-294485" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#c1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> the representative&#x2019;s action in making the endorsement, instruction, or entitlement <span class="dictionary">order</span> or using the proceeds of the transaction is otherwise a breach of duty. <a id="paragraph-294486" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#c2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> If a security is registered in the name of or specially endorsed to a person described as a representative, or if a securities account is maintained in the name of a person described as a representative, an endorsement, instruction, or entitlement <span class="dictionary">order</span> made by the person is effective even though the person is no longer serving in the described capacity. <a id="paragraph-294487" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> Effectiveness of an endorsement, instruction, or entitlement <span class="dictionary">order</span> is determined as of the date the endorsement, instruction, or entitlement <span class="dictionary">order</span> is made, and an endorsement, instruction, or entitlement <span class="dictionary">order</span> does not become ineffective by reason of any later change of circumstances. <a id="paragraph-294488" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-107/#e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1996, c. 216.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
