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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>55835</law_id><section_number>8.8A-404</section_number><catch_line>Wrongful registration</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.8A-406</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.8A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Investment Securities</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="4">Registration</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> Except as otherwise provided in &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Obligation to notify issuer of lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken security certificate" href="/8.8A-406/">8.8A-406</a>, an issuer is liable for wrongful registration of transfer if the issuer has registered a transfer of a security to a person not entitled to it, and the transfer was registered: <a id="paragraph-204530" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-404/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> pursuant to an ineffective endorsement or instruction; <a id="paragraph-204531" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-404/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> after a demand that the issuer not register transfer became effective under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Demand that issuer not register transfer" href="/8.8A-403/">8.8A-403</a> (a) and the issuer did not comply with &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Demand that issuer not register transfer" href="/8.8A-403/">8.8A-403</a> (b); <a id="paragraph-204532" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-404/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> after the issuer had been served with an <span class="dictionary">injunction</span>, restraining <span class="dictionary">order</span>, or other legal process enjoining it from registering the transfer, issued by a <span class="dictionary">court</span> of competent <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>, and the issuer had a reasonable opportunity to act on the <span class="dictionary">injunction</span>, restraining <span class="dictionary">order</span>, or other legal process; or <a id="paragraph-204533" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-404/#a3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> by an issuer acting in collusion with the wrongdoer. <a id="paragraph-204534" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-404/#a4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> An issuer that is liable for wrongful registration of transfer under subsection (a) on demand shall provide the person entitled to the security with a like certificated or uncertificated security, and any payments or distributions that the person did not receive as a result of the wrongful registration. If an overissue would result, the issuer&#x2019;s liability to provide the person with a like security is governed by &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Overissue" href="/8.8A-210/">8.8A-210</a>. <a id="paragraph-204535" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-404/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> Except as otherwise provided in subsection (a) or in a <span class="dictionary">law</span> relating to the collection of taxes, an issuer is not liable to an owner or other person suffering loss as a result of the registration of a transfer of a security if registration was made pursuant to an effective endorsement or instruction. <a id="paragraph-204536" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-404/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1996, c. 216.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
