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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>84613</law_id><section_number>8.9A-105</section_number><catch_line>Control of electronic copy of record evidencing chattel paper</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.9A-107.2</reference><reference>8.9A-203</reference><reference>8.9A-207</reference><reference>8.9A-208</reference><reference>8.9A-317</reference><reference>8.9A-330</reference><reference>8.9A-601</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.9A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Secured Transactions</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="1">General Provisions</unit><unit label="subpart" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="1">Short Title, Definitions and General Concepts</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> General rule: control of electronic copy of a record evidencing chattel paper. A secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> has control of an authoritative electronic copy of a record evidencing chattel paper if a system employed for evidencing the assignment of interests in the chattel paper reliably establishes the purchaser as the person to which the authoritative electronic copy was assigned. <a id="paragraph-303285" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> Single authoritative copy. A system satisfies subsection (a) if the record or records evidencing the chattel paper are created, stored, and assigned in a manner that: <a id="paragraph-303286" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> a single authoritative copy of the record or records exists which is unique, identifiable, and, except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), unalterable; <a id="paragraph-303287" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#b1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> the authoritative copy identifies the purchaser as the assignee of the record or records; <a id="paragraph-303288" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#b2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> the authoritative copy is communicated to and maintained by the purchaser or its designated custodian; <a id="paragraph-303289" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#b3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> copies or amendments that add or change an identified assignee of the authoritative copy can be made only with the consent of the purchaser; <a id="paragraph-303290" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#b4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> each copy of the authoritative copy and any copy of a copy is readily identifiable as a copy that is not the authoritative copy; and <a id="paragraph-303291" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#b5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b6" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> any amendment of the authoritative copy is readily identifiable as authorized or unauthorized. <a id="paragraph-303292" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#b6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> One or more authoritative copies. A system satisfies subsection (a), and a purchaser has control of an authoritative electronic copy of a record evidencing chattel paper, if the electronic copy, a record attached to or logically associated with the electronic copy, or a system in which the electronic copy is recorded: <a id="paragraph-303293" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> enables the purchaser readily to identify each electronic copy as either an authoritative copy or a nonauthoritative copy; <a id="paragraph-303294" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#c1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> enables the purchaser readily to identify itself in any way, including by name, identifying number, cryptographic key, office, or account number, as the assignee of the authoritative electronic copy; and <a id="paragraph-303295" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#c2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> gives the purchaser exclusive power, subject to subsection (d), to: <a id="paragraph-303296" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#c3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> prevent others from adding or changing an identified assignee of the authoritative electronic copy; and <a id="paragraph-303297" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> transfer control of the authoritative electronic copy. <a id="paragraph-303298" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> Meaning of exclusive. Subject to subsection (e), a power is exclusive under subsection (c)(3)(A) and (B) even if: <a id="paragraph-303299" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> the authoritative electronic copy, a record attached to or logically associated with the authoritative electronic copy, or a system in which the authoritative electronic copy is recorded limits the use of the authoritative electronic copy or has a protocol programmed to cause a change, including a transfer or loss of control; or <a id="paragraph-303300" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#d1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> the power is shared with another person. <a id="paragraph-303301" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#d2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> When power not shared with another person. A power of a purchaser is not shared with another person under subsection (d)(2) and the purchaser&#x2019;s power is not exclusive if: <a id="paragraph-303302" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> the purchaser can exercise the power only if the power also is exercised by the other person; and <a id="paragraph-303303" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#e1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> the other person: <a id="paragraph-303304" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#e2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> can exercise the power without exercise of the power by the purchaser; or <a id="paragraph-303305" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> is the transferor to the purchaser of an interest in the chattel paper. <a id="paragraph-303306" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f"><p><span class="prefix-number">f.</span> <span class="dictionary">Presumption</span> of exclusivity of certain powers. If a purchaser has the powers specified in subsection (c)(3)(A) and (B), the powers are presumed to be exclusive. <a id="paragraph-303307" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#f"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="g"><p><span class="prefix-number">g.</span> Obtaining control through another person. A purchaser has control of an authoritative electronic copy of a record evidencing chattel paper if another person, other than the transferor to the purchaser of an interest in the chattel paper: <a id="paragraph-303308" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#g"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="g1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> has control of the authoritative electronic copy and acknowledges that it has control on behalf of the purchaser; or <a id="paragraph-303309" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#g1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="g2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> obtains control of the authoritative electronic copy after having acknowledged that it will obtain control of the electronic copy on behalf of the purchaser. <a id="paragraph-303310" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-105/#g2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2000, c. 1007; 2012, c. 155; 2024, c. 652.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
