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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>78231</law_id><section_number>8.9A-519</section_number><catch_line>Numbering, maintaining, and indexing records; communicating information provided in records</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>55.1-655</reference><reference>8.9A-109</reference><reference>8.9A-513</reference><reference>8.9A-523</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.9A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Secured Transactions</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="5">Filing</unit><unit label="subpart" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="2">Duties and Operation of Filing Office</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> Filing office duties. For each record filed in a filing office, the filing office shall: <a id="paragraph-280390" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> assign a unique number to the filed record; <a id="paragraph-280391" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> create a record that bears the number assigned to the filed record and the date and time of filing; <a id="paragraph-280392" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> maintain the filed record for public inspection; and <a id="paragraph-280393" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#a3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> index the filed record in accordance with subsections (c), (d), and (e). <a id="paragraph-280394" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#a4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> File number. A file number assigned after January 1, 2002, must include a digit that: <a id="paragraph-280395" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> is mathematically derived from or related to the other digits of the file number; and <a id="paragraph-280396" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#b1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> aids the filing office in determining whether a number communicated as the file number includes a single-digit or transpositional error. <a id="paragraph-280397" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#b2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> Indexing; general. Except as otherwise provided in subsections (d) and (e), the filing office shall: <a id="paragraph-280398" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> index an initial financing statement according to the name of the debtor and index all filed records relating to the initial financing statement in a manner that associates with one another an initial financing statement and all filed records relating to the initial financing statement; and <a id="paragraph-280399" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#c1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> index a record that provides a name of a debtor which was not previously provided in the financing statement to which the record relates also according to the name that was not previously provided. <a id="paragraph-280400" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#c2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> Indexing; real-property-related financing statement. If a financing statement is filed as a fixture filing or covers as-extracted <span class="dictionary">collateral</span> or timber to be cut, it must be filed for record and the filing office shall index it: <a id="paragraph-280401" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> under the names of the debtor and of each owner of record shown on the financing statement as if they were the mortgagors under a mortgage of the real property described; and <a id="paragraph-280402" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#d1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> to the extent that the <span class="dictionary">law</span> of the Commonwealth provides for indexing of records of mortgages under the name of the mortgagee, under the name of the secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> as if the secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> were the mortgagee thereunder, or, if indexing is by description, as if the financing statement were a record of a mortgage of the real property described. <a id="paragraph-280403" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#d2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> Indexing; real-property-related assignment. If a financing statement is filed as a fixture filing or covers as-extracted <span class="dictionary">collateral</span> or timber to be cut, the filing office shall index an assignment filed under &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Assignment of powers of secured party of record" href="/8.9A-514/">8.9A-514</a> (a) or an amendment filed under &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Assignment of powers of secured party of record" href="/8.9A-514/">8.9A-514</a> (b): <a id="paragraph-280404" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> under the name of the assignor as grantor; and <a id="paragraph-280405" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#e1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> to the extent that the <span class="dictionary">law</span> of the Commonwealth provides for indexing a record of the assignment of a mortgage under the name of the assignee, under the name of the assignee. <a id="paragraph-280406" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#e2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f"><p><span class="prefix-number">f.</span> Retrieval and association capability. The filing office shall maintain a capability: <a id="paragraph-280407" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#f"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> to retrieve a record by the name of the debtor and by the file number assigned to the initial financing statement to which the record relates; and <a id="paragraph-280408" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#f1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> to associate and retrieve with one another an initial financing statement and each filed record relating to the initial financing statement. <a id="paragraph-280409" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#f2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="g"><p><span class="prefix-number">g.</span> Removal of debtor&#x2019;s name. The filing office may not remove a debtor&#x2019;s name from the index until one year after the effectiveness of a financing statement naming the debtor lapses under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Duration and effectiveness of financing statement; effect of lapsed financing statement" href="/8.9A-515/">8.9A-515</a> with respect to all secured parties of record. <a id="paragraph-280410" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#g"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="h"><p><span class="prefix-number">h.</span> Timeliness of filing office performance. The filing office shall perform the acts required by subsections (a) through (e) at the time and in the manner prescribed by filing-office rule, but not later than five business days after the filing office receives the record in question. <a id="paragraph-280411" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#h"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="i"><p><span class="prefix-number">i.</span> Inapplicability to real-property-related filing office. Subsections (b) and (h) do not apply to a filing office described in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Filing office" href="/8.9A-501/">8.9A-501</a> (a) (1). <a id="paragraph-280412" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-519/#i"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1964, c. 219, &#xA7; 8.9-403; 1973, c. 509; 1975, c. 225; 1976, c. 536; 1977, c. 539; 1978, c. 284; 1982, c. 652; 1984, cc. 40, 771; 1985, c. 297; 1988, c. 804; 1990, cc. 89, 412; 1992, c. 784; 2000, c. 1007.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
