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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>87391</law_id><section_number>8.9A-601</section_number><catch_line>Rights after default; judicial enforcement, consignor or buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>29.1-733.20</reference><reference>8.01-121</reference><reference>8.9A-335</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.9A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Secured Transactions</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="6">Default</unit><unit label="subpart" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="1">Default and Enforcement of Security Interest</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> Rights of secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> after <span class="dictionary">default</span>. After <span class="dictionary">default</span>, a secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> has the rights provided in this part and, except as otherwise provided in &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Waiver and variance of rights and duties" href="/8.9A-602/">8.9A-602</a>, those provided by agreement of the parties. A secured <span class="dictionary">party</span>: <a id="paragraph-312905" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-601/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> may reduce a claim to <span class="dictionary">judgment</span>, foreclose, or otherwise enforce the claim, security interest, or agricultural <span class="dictionary">lien</span> by any available judicial procedure; and <a id="paragraph-312906" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-601/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> if the <span class="dictionary">collateral</span> is documents, may proceed either as to the documents or as to the goods they cover. <a id="paragraph-312907" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-601/#a2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> Rights and duties of secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> in <span class="dictionary">possession</span> or control. A secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> in <span class="dictionary">possession</span> of <span class="dictionary">collateral</span> or control of <span class="dictionary">collateral</span> under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Control of electronic document" href="/8.7-106/">8.7-106</a>, <a class="law" title="Control of deposit account" href="/8.9A-104/">8.9A-104</a>, <a class="law" title="Control of electronic copy of record evidencing chattel paper" href="/8.9A-105/">8.9A-105</a>, <a class="law" title="Control of electronic money" href="/8.9A-105.1/">8.9A-105.1</a>, <a class="law" title="Control of investment property" href="/8.9A-106/">8.9A-106</a>, <a class="law" title="Control of letter-of-credit right" href="/8.9A-107/">8.9A-107</a>, or <a class="law" title="Control of controllable electronic record, controllable account, or controllable payment intangible" href="/8.9A-107.1/">8.9A-107.1</a> has the rights and duties provided in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Rights and duties of secured party having possession or control of collateral" href="/8.9A-207/">8.9A-207</a>. <a id="paragraph-312908" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-601/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> Rights cumulative; simultaneous exercise. The rights under subsections (a) and (b) are cumulative and may be exercised simultaneously. <a id="paragraph-312909" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-601/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> Rights of debtor and obligor. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g) and &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Unknown debtor or secondary obligor" href="/8.9A-605/">8.9A-605</a>, after <span class="dictionary">default</span>, a debtor and an obligor have the rights provided in this part and by agreement of the parties. <a id="paragraph-312910" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-601/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> <span class="dictionary">Lien</span> of <span class="dictionary">levy</span> after <span class="dictionary">judgment</span>. If a secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> has reduced its claim to <span class="dictionary">judgment</span>, the <span class="dictionary">lien</span> of any <span class="dictionary">levy</span> that may be made upon the <span class="dictionary">collateral</span> by virtue of an execution based upon the <span class="dictionary">judgment</span> relates back to the earliest of: <a id="paragraph-312911" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-601/#e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> the date of perfection of the security interest or agricultural <span class="dictionary">lien</span> in the <span class="dictionary">collateral</span>; <a id="paragraph-312912" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-601/#e1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> the date of filing a financing statement covering the <span class="dictionary">collateral</span>; or <a id="paragraph-312913" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-601/#e2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> any date specified in a <span class="dictionary">statute</span> under which the agricultural <span class="dictionary">lien</span> was created. <a id="paragraph-312914" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-601/#e3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="f"><p><span class="prefix-number">f.</span> Execution sale. A sale pursuant to an execution is a foreclosure of the security interest or agricultural <span class="dictionary">lien</span> by judicial procedure within the meaning of this section. A secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> may purchase at the sale and thereafter hold the <span class="dictionary">collateral</span> free of any other requirements of this title. <a id="paragraph-312915" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-601/#f"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="g"><p><span class="prefix-number">g.</span> Consignor or buyer of certain rights to payment. Except as otherwise provided in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Collection and enforcement by secured party" href="/8.9A-607/">8.9A-607</a> (c), this part imposes no duties upon a secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> that is a consignor or is a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes. <a id="paragraph-312916" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-601/#g"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1964, c. 219, &#xA7; 8.9-501; 1973, c. 509; 2000, c. 1007; 2004, c. 200; 2024, c. 652.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
