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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>58094</law_id><section_number>8.9A-616</section_number><catch_line>Explanation of calculation of surplus or deficiency</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>8.9A-602</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="8.9A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Secured Transactions</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="6">Default</unit><unit label="subpart" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="1">Default and Enforcement of Security Interest</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> Definitions. In this section: <a id="paragraph-212859" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="a1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Explanation</span>&#x201D; means a record that: <a id="paragraph-212860" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#a1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> states the amount of the surplus or deficiency; <a id="paragraph-212861" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> provides an <span class="dictionary">explanation</span> in accordance with subsection (c) of how the secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> calculated the surplus or deficiency; <a id="paragraph-212862" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> states, if applicable, that future debits, credits, charges, including additional credit service charges or interest, rebates, and expenses may affect the amount of the surplus or deficiency; and <a id="paragraph-212863" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> provides a telephone number or mailing address from which additional information concerning the transaction is available. <a id="paragraph-212864" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">Request</span>&#x201D; means a record: <a id="paragraph-212865" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#D2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> signed by a debtor or consumer obligor; <a id="paragraph-212866" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> requesting that the recipient provide an <span class="dictionary">explanation</span>; and <a id="paragraph-212867" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> sent after <span class="dictionary">disposition</span> of the <span class="dictionary">collateral</span> under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Disposition of collateral after default" href="/8.9A-610/">8.9A-610</a>. <a id="paragraph-212868" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> <span class="dictionary">Explanation</span> of calculation. In a consumer-goods transaction in which the debtor is entitled to a surplus or a consumer obligor is liable for a deficiency under &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Application of proceeds of disposition; liability for deficiency and right to surplus" href="/8.9A-615/">8.9A-615</a>, the secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> shall: <a id="paragraph-212869" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> send an <span class="dictionary">explanation</span> to the debtor or consumer obligor, as applicable, after the <span class="dictionary">disposition</span> and: <a id="paragraph-212870" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#b1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> before or when the secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> accounts to the debtor and pays any surplus or first makes demand in a record on the consumer obligor after the <span class="dictionary">disposition</span> for payment of the deficiency; and <a id="paragraph-212871" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> within fourteen days after receipt of a <span class="dictionary">request</span>; or <a id="paragraph-212872" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> in the case of a consumer obligor who is liable for a deficiency, within fourteen days after receipt of a <span class="dictionary">request</span>, send to the consumer obligor a record waiving the secured <span class="dictionary">party</span>&#x2019;s right to a deficiency. <a id="paragraph-212873" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> Required information. To comply with subsection (a) (1) (B), an <span class="dictionary">explanation</span> must provide the following information in the following <span class="dictionary">order</span>: <a id="paragraph-212874" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> the aggregate amount of obligations secured by the security interest under which the <span class="dictionary">disposition</span> was made, and, if the amount reflects a rebate of unearned interest or credit service charge, an indication of that <span class="dictionary">fact</span>, calculated as of a specified date: <a id="paragraph-212875" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#c1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> if the secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> takes or receives <span class="dictionary">possession</span> of the <span class="dictionary">collateral</span> after <span class="dictionary">default</span>, not more than thirty-five days before the secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> takes or receives <span class="dictionary">possession</span>; or <a id="paragraph-212876" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> if the secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> takes or receives <span class="dictionary">possession</span> of the <span class="dictionary">collateral</span> before <span class="dictionary">default</span> or does not take <span class="dictionary">possession</span> of the <span class="dictionary">collateral</span>, not more than thirty-five days before the <span class="dictionary">disposition</span>; <a id="paragraph-212877" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> the amount of proceeds of the <span class="dictionary">disposition</span>; <a id="paragraph-212878" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> the aggregate amount of the obligations after deducting the amount of proceeds; <a id="paragraph-212879" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#B3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> the amount, in the aggregate or by type, and types of expenses, including expenses of retaking, holding, preparing for <span class="dictionary">disposition</span>, processing, and disposing of the <span class="dictionary">collateral</span>, and attorney&#x2019;s fees secured by the <span class="dictionary">collateral</span> which are known to the secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> and relate to the current <span class="dictionary">disposition</span>; <a id="paragraph-212880" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#B4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> the amount, in the aggregate or by type, and types of credits, including rebates of interest or credit service charges, to which the obligor is known to be entitled and which are not reflected in the amount in paragraph (1); and <a id="paragraph-212881" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#B5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B6" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> the amount of the surplus or deficiency. <a id="paragraph-212882" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#B6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> Substantial compliance. A particular phrasing of the <span class="dictionary">explanation</span> is not required. An <span class="dictionary">explanation</span> complying substantially with the requirements of subsection (a) is sufficient, even if it includes <span class="dictionary">minor</span> errors that are not seriously misleading. <a id="paragraph-212883" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> Charges for responses. A debtor or consumer obligor is entitled without charge to one response to a <span class="dictionary">request</span> under this section during any six-month period in which the secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> did not send to the debtor or consumer obligor an <span class="dictionary">explanation</span> pursuant to subsection (b) (1). The secured <span class="dictionary">party</span> may require payment of a charge not exceeding twenty-five dollars for each additional response. <a id="paragraph-212884" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.9A-616/#e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2000, c. 1007; 2024, c. 652.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
