                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA

LIQUIDATION OF DAMAGES (§ 59.1-508.4)

a. Damages for breach of contract by either party may be liquidated by agreement
in an amount that is reasonable in light of:

   1. the loss anticipated at the time of contracting;

   2. the actual loss; or

   3. the actual or anticipated difficulties of proving loss in the event of
   breach.

b. If a term liquidating damages is unenforceable under this subsection, the
aggrieved party may pursue the remedies provided in this chapter, except as
limited by other terms of the contract.

c. If a party justifiably withholds delivery of copies because of the other
party&#8217;s breach of contract, the party in breach is entitled to restitution
for any amount by which the sum of the payments it made for the copies exceeds
the amount of the liquidated damages payable to the aggrieved party in
accordance with subsection (a). The right to restitution is subject to offset to
the extent that the aggrieved party establishes:

   1. a right to recover damages other than under subsection (a); and

   2. the amount or value of any benefits received by the party in breach,
   directly or indirectly, by reason of the contract.

d. A term that does not liquidate damages, but that limits damages available to
the aggrieved party, must be evaluated under &#xA7; 59.1-508.3.

HISTORY: 2000, cc. 101, 996.