                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA

DEFINITIONS (§ 10.1-1400)

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:
		&#8220;Advanced recycling&#8221; means a manufacturing process for the
conversion of post-use polymers and recovered feedstocks into basic hydrocarbon
raw materials, feedstocks, chemicals, liquid fuels, waxes, lubricants, or other
products through processes that include pyrolysis, gasification,
depolymerization, reforming, hydrogenation, solvolysis, catalytic cracking, and
similar processes. &#8220;Advanced recycling&#8221; produces recycled products,
including monomers, oligomers, plastics, plastics and chemical feedstocks, basic
and unfinished chemicals, crude oil, naphtha, liquid transportation fuels,
coatings, waxes, lubricants, and other basic hydrocarbons.
		&#8220;Advanced recycling facility&#8221; means a facility that, using
advanced recycling, receives, stores, and converts post-use polymers and
recovered feedstocks that it receives. An &#8220;advanced recycling
facility&#8221; shall be subject to all applicable federal and state
environmental laws and regulations.
		&#8220;Applicant&#8221; means any and all persons seeking or holding a permit
required under this chapter.
		&#8220;Board&#8221; means the Virginia Waste Management Board.
		&#8220;Composting&#8221; means the manipulation of the natural aerobic process
of decomposition of organic materials to increase the rate of decomposition.
		&#8220;Department&#8221; means the Department of Environmental Quality.
		&#8220;Depolymerization&#8221; means a manufacturing process in which post-use
polymers are broken into smaller molecules, including monomers and oligomers;
raw, intermediate, or final products; plastics and chemical feedstocks; basic
and unfinished chemicals; crude oil; naphtha; liquid transportation fuels;
waxes; lubricants; coatings; and other products.
		&#8220;Director&#8221; means the Director of the Department of Environmental
Quality.
		&#8220;Disclosure statement&#8221; means a sworn statement or affirmation, in
such form as may be required by the Director, which includes:

1. The full name and business address of all key personnel;

2. The full name and business address of any entity, other than a natural
person, that collects, transports, treats, stores, or disposes of solid waste or
hazardous waste in which any key personnel holds an equity interest of five
percent or more;

3. A description of the business experience of all key personnel listed in the
disclosure statement;

4. A listing of all permits or licenses required for the collection,
transportation, treatment, storage, or disposal of solid waste or hazardous
waste issued to or held by any key personnel within the past 10 years;

5. A listing and explanation of any notices of violation, prosecutions,
administrative orders (whether by consent or otherwise), license or permit
suspensions or revocations, or enforcement actions of any sort by any state,
federal, or local authority, within the past 10 years, that are pending or have
concluded with a finding of violation or entry of a consent agreement, regarding
an allegation of civil or criminal violation of any law, regulation, or
requirement relating to the collection, transportation, treatment, storage, or
disposal of solid waste or hazardous waste by any key personnel, and an itemized
list of all convictions within 10 years of key personnel of any of the following
crimes punishable as felonies under the laws of the Commonwealth or the
equivalent thereof under the laws of any other jurisdiction: murder; kidnapping;
gambling; robbery; bribery; extortion; criminal usury; arson; burglary; theft
and related crimes; forgery and fraudulent practices; fraud in the offering,
sale, or purchase of securities; alteration of motor vehicle identification
numbers; unlawful manufacture, purchase, use or transfer of firearms; unlawful
possession or use of destructive devices or explosives; violation of the Drug
Control Act (&#xA7; 54.1-3400 et seq.); racketeering; or violation of antitrust
laws;

6. A listing of all agencies outside the Commonwealth that have regulatory
responsibility over the applicant or have issued any environmental permit or
license to the applicant within the past 10 years, in connection with the
applicant&#8217;s collection, transportation, treatment, storage, or disposal of
solid waste or hazardous waste;

7. Any other information about the applicant and the key personnel that the
Director may require that reasonably relates to the qualifications and ability
of the key personnel or the applicant to lawfully and competently operate a
solid waste management facility in Virginia; and

8. The full name and business address of any member of the local governing body
or planning commission in which the solid waste management facility is located
or proposed to be located, who holds an equity interest in the facility.
			&#8220;Disposal&#8221; means the discharge, deposit, injection, dumping,
spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid waste into or on any land or water so
that such solid waste or any constituent thereof may enter the environment or be
emitted into the air or discharged into any waters, including ground waters.
			&#8220;Equity&#8221; includes both legal and equitable interests.
			&#8220;Federal acts&#8221; means any act of Congress providing for waste
management and regulations promulgated thereunder.
			&#8220;Gasification&#8221; means a manufacturing process through which
recovered feedstocks are heated and converted in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere
into a fuel and gas mixture that is then converted to crude oil, diesel fuel,
gasoline, home heating oil, ethanol, transportation fuel, other fuels,
chemicals, waxes, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, diesel and gasoline
blendstocks, or other valuable raw, intermediate, or final products that are
returned to economic utility in the form of raw materials, products, or fuels.
			&#8220;Hazardous material&#8221; means a substance or material in a form or
quantity that may pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety, or property when
transported, and which the U.S. Secretary of Transportation has so designated by
regulation or order.
			&#8220;Hazardous substance&#8221; means a substance listed under the federal
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act, P.L.
96-510.
			&#8220;Hazardous waste&#8221; means a solid waste or combination of solid
waste that because of its quantity, concentration or physical, chemical, or
infectious characteristics may:

1. Cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase
in serious irreversible or incapacitating illness; or

2. Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the
environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or
otherwise managed.
			&#8220;Hazardous waste generation&#8221; means the act or process of
producing hazardous waste.
			&#8220;Household hazardous waste&#8221; means any waste material derived from
households (including single and multiple residences, hotels, motels,
bunkhouses, ranger stations, crew quarters, campgrounds, picnic grounds, and
day-use recreation areas) which, except for the fact that it is derived from a
household, would be classified as a hazardous waste, including nickel, cadmium,
mercuric oxide, manganese, zinc-carbon or lead batteries; solvent-based paint,
paint thinner, paint strippers, or other paint solvents; any product containing
trichloroethylene, toxic art supplies, used motor oil and unusable gasoline or
kerosene, fluorescent or high intensity light bulbs, ammunition, fireworks,
banned pesticides, or restricted-use pesticides as defined in &#xA7; 3.2-3900.
All empty household product containers and any household products in legal
distribution, storage, or use shall not be considered household hazardous waste.
			&#8220;Key personnel&#8221; means the applicant itself and any person
employed by the applicant in a managerial capacity, or empowered to make
discretionary decisions, with respect to the solid waste or hazardous waste
operations of the applicant in Virginia, but does not include employees
exclusively engaged in the physical or mechanical collection, transportation,
treatment, storage, or disposal of solid or hazardous waste and such other
employees as the Director may designate by regulation. If the applicant has not
previously conducted solid waste or hazardous waste operations in Virginia,
&#8220;key personnel&#8221; also includes any officer, director, or partner of
the applicant, or any holder of five percent or more of the equity or debt of
the applicant. If any holder of five percent or more of the equity or debt of
the applicant or of any key personnel is not a natural person, &#8220;key
personnel&#8221; includes all key personnel of that entity, provided that where
such entity is a chartered lending institution or a reporting company under the
Federal Securities Exchange Act of 1934, &#8220;key personnel&#8221; does not
include key personnel of such entity. Provided further that &#8220;key
personnel&#8221; means the chief executive officer of any agency of the United
States or of any agency or political subdivision of the Commonwealth and all key
personnel of any person, other than a natural person, that operates a landfill
or other facility for the disposal, treatment, or storage of nonhazardous solid
waste under contract with or for one of those governmental entities.
			&#8220;Manifest&#8221; means the form used for identifying the quantity,
composition, origin, routing, and destination of hazardous waste during its
transportation from the point of generation to the point of disposal, treatment,
or storage of such hazardous waste.
			&#8220;Mixed radioactive waste&#8221; means radioactive waste that contains a
substance that renders the mixture a hazardous waste.
			&#8220;Open dump&#8221; means a site on which any solid waste is placed,
discharged, deposited, injected, dumped, or spilled so as to create a nuisance
or present a threat of a release of harmful substances into the environment or
present a hazard to human health.
			&#8220;Person&#8221; includes an individual, corporation, partnership,
association, governmental body, municipal corporation, or any other legal
entity.
			&#8220;Post-use polymer&#8221; means a plastic polymer that:

1. Is derived from any industrial, commercial, agricultural, or domestic
activity.

2. Is processed at an advanced recycling facility or held at such facility prior
to processing.

3. Is used or intended for use as a feedstock to manufacture crude oil, fuels,
feedstocks, blendstocks, raw materials, or other intermediate products or final
products, using advanced recycling.

4. Is not mixed with solid waste or hazardous waste on site or during processing
at the advanced recycling facility at which it is processed.

5. Has been sorted from solid waste and other regulated waste but may contain
residual amounts of (i) solid wastes, such as organic material, and (ii)
incidental contaminants or impurities, such as paper labels or metal rings.
			&#8220;Pyrolysis&#8221; means a manufacturing process through which post-use
polymers are heated in the absence of oxygen until melted and thermally
decomposed and are then cooled, condensed, and converted to crude oil, diesel
fuel, gasoline, home heating oil, ethanol, transportation fuel, other fuels,
chemicals, waxes, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, diesel and gasoline
blendstocks, or other valuable raw, intermediate, or final products that are
returned to economic utility in the form of raw materials, products, or fuels.
			&#8220;Radioactive waste&#8221; or &#8220;nuclear waste&#8221; includes:

1. &#8220;Low-level radioactive waste&#8221; material that:
			a. Is not high-level radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel, transuranic
waste, or by-product material as defined in &#xA7; 11(e)(2) of the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. &#xA7; 2014(e)(2)); and
			b. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission, consistent with existing law,
classifies as low-level radioactive waste; or

2. &#8220;High-level radioactive waste,&#8221; which means:
			a. The highly radioactive material resulting from the reprocessing of spent
nuclear fuel, including liquid waste produced directly in reprocessing and any
solid material derived from such liquid waste that contains fission products in
sufficient concentrations; and
			b. Other highly radioactive material that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
consistent with existing law, determines by rule requires permanent isolation.
			&#8220;Recovered feedstock&#8221; means one or more of the following
materials that has been processed so that it can be used as feedstock in an
advanced recycling facility:

1. Post-use polymers.

2. Materials for which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has made a
nonwaste determination under 40 C.F.R. &#xA7; 241.3(c) or has otherwise
determined are feedstocks and not solid waste.
			&#x201C;Recovered feedstock&#8221; does not include unprocessed municipal
solid waste and is not mixed with solid waste or hazardous waste on site or
during processing at an advanced recycling facility.
			&#8220;Recycling residue&#8221; means the (i) nonmetallic substances,
including plastic, rubber, and insulation, that remain after a shredder has
separated for purposes of recycling the ferrous and nonferrous metal from a
motor vehicle, appliance, or other discarded metallic item and (ii) organic
waste remaining after removal of metals, glass, plastics, and paper that are to
be recycled as part of a resource recovery process for municipal solid waste
resulting in the production of a refuse derived fuel.
			&#8220;Resource conservation&#8221; means reduction of the amounts of solid
waste that are generated, reduction of overall resource consumption, and
utilization of recovered resources.
			&#8220;Resource recovery&#8221; means the recovery of material or energy from
solid waste.
			&#8220;Resource recovery system&#8221; means a solid waste management system
that provides for collection, separation, recycling, and recovery of solid
wastes, including disposal of nonrecoverable waste residues.
			&#8220;Sanitary landfill&#8221; means a disposal facility for solid waste so
located, designed, and operated that it does not pose a substantial present or
potential hazard to human health or the environment, including pollution of air,
land, surface water, or ground water.
			&#8220;Sludge&#8221; means any solid, semisolid, or liquid wastes with
similar characteristics and effects generated from a public, municipal,
commercial, or industrial wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment
plant, air pollution control facility, or any other waste-producing facility.
			&#8220;Solid waste&#8221; means any garbage, refuse, sludge, and other
discarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous
material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural
operations, or community activities, but does not include (i) solid or dissolved
material in domestic sewage; (ii) solid or dissolved material in irrigation
return flows or in industrial discharges that are sources subject to a permit
from the State Water Control Board; (iii) source, special nuclear, or by-product
material as defined by the Federal Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended; or
(iv) post-use polymers or recovered feedstocks that are (a) processed at an
advanced recycling facility or (b) held at or held for the purpose of conversion
at such advanced recycling facility prior to conversion.
			&#8220;Solid waste management facility&#8221; means a site used for planned
treating, long-term storage, or disposing of solid waste. A &#8220;solid waste
management facility&#8221; may consist of several treatment, storage, or
disposal units.
			&#8220;Solvolysis&#8221; means a manufacturing process through which post-use
polymers are purified with the aid of solvents, allowing additives and
contaminants to be removed. The products of solvolysis are polymers capable of
being recycled or reused without first being reverted to a monomer.
&#8220;Solvolysis&#8221; includes hydrolysis, aminolysis, ammonolysis,
methanolysis, and glycolysis.
			&#8220;Transport&#8221; or &#8220;transportation&#8221; means any movement of
property and any packing, loading, or unloading or storage incidental thereto.
			&#8220;Treatment&#8221; means any method, technique, or process, including
incineration or neutralization, designed to change the physical, chemical, or
biological character or composition of any waste to neutralize it or to render
it less hazardous or nonhazardous, safer for transport, amenable to recovery or
storage, or reduced in volume.
			&#8220;Vegetative waste&#8221; means decomposable materials generated by yard
and lawn care or land-clearing activities and includes, but is not limited to,
leaves, grass trimmings, and woody wastes such as shrub and tree prunings, bark,
limbs, roots, and stumps.
			&#8220;Waste&#8221; means any solid, hazardous, or radioactive waste as
defined in this section.
			&#8220;Waste management&#8221; means the collection, source separation,
storage, transportation, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of waste
or resource recovery. &#8220;Waste management&#8221; does not include pyrolysis,
gasification, depolymerization, solvolysis, or any other advanced recycling
process if the source materials used in such process are composed of post-use
polymers or recovered feedstocks.
			&#8220;Yard waste&#8221; means decomposable waste materials generated by yard
and lawn care and includes leaves, grass trimmings, brush, wood chips, and shrub
and tree trimmings. &#8220;Yard waste&#8221; does not include roots or stumps
that exceed six inches in diameter.

HISTORY: 1986, c. 492, §§ 10-264, 10-268; 1987, c. 120; 1988, cc. 117, 891;
1990, cc. 499, 781, 919; 1993, cc. 214, 215, 496; 1996, c. 236; 1997, c. 294;
2001, c. 569; 2003, c. 620; 2009, c. 27; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 375.