                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA

RECOVERY COURT ACT (§ 18.2-254.1)

A. This section shall be known and may be cited as the &#8220;Recovery Court
Act.&#8221;

B. The General Assembly recognizes that there is a critical need in the
Commonwealth for effective treatment programs that reduce the incidence of drug
use, drug addiction, family separation due to parental substance abuse, and
drug-related crimes. It is the intent of the General Assembly by this section to
enhance public safety by facilitating the creation of recovery courts as means
by which to accomplish this purpose.

C. The goals of recovery courts include: (i) reducing drug addiction and drug
dependency among offenders; (ii) reducing recidivism; (iii) reducing
drug-related court workloads; (iv) increasing personal, familial and societal
accountability among offenders; and (v) promoting effective planning and use of
resources among the criminal justice system and community agencies.

D. Recovery courts are specialized court dockets within the existing structure
of Virginia&#8217;s court system offering judicial monitoring of intensive
treatment and strict supervision of addicts in drug and drug-related cases.
Local officials must complete a recognized planning process before establishing
a recovery court program.

E. Administrative oversight for implementation of the Recovery Court Act shall
be conducted by the Supreme Court of Virginia. The Supreme Court of Virginia
shall be responsible for (i) providing oversight for the distribution of funds
for recovery courts; (ii) providing technical assistance to recovery courts;
(iii) providing training for judges who preside over recovery courts; (iv)
providing training to the providers of administrative, case management, and
treatment services to recovery courts; and (v) monitoring the completion of
evaluations of the effectiveness and efficiency of recovery courts in the
Commonwealth.

F. The state Recovery Court Advisory Committee shall be established to (i)
evaluate and recommend standards for the planning and implementation of recovery
courts; (ii) assist in the evaluation of their effectiveness and efficiency; and
(iii) encourage and enhance cooperation among agencies that participate in their
planning and implementation. The committee shall be chaired by the Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court of Virginia or his designee and shall include a member of
the Judicial Conference of Virginia who presides over a recovery court; a
district court judge; the Executive Secretary or his designee; the directors of
the following executive branch agencies: Department of Corrections, Department
of Criminal Justice Services, Department of Juvenile Justice, Department of
Behavioral Health and Developmental Services, Department of Social Services; a
representative of the following entities: a local community-based probation and
pretrial services agency, the Commonwealth&#8217;s Attorney&#8217;s Association,
the Virginia Indigent Defense Commission, the Circuit Court Clerk&#8217;s
Association, the Virginia Sheriff&#8217;s Association, the Virginia Association
of Chiefs of Police, the Commission on VASAP, and two representatives designated
by the Virginia Drug Court Association.

G. Each jurisdiction or combination of jurisdictions that intend to establish a
recovery court or continue the operation of an existing one shall establish a
local recovery court advisory committee. Jurisdictions that establish separate
adult and juvenile recovery courts may establish an advisory committee for each
such court. Each advisory committee shall ensure quality, efficiency, and
fairness in the planning, implementation, and operation of the recovery court or
courts that serve the jurisdiction or combination of jurisdictions. Advisory
committee membership shall include, but shall not be limited to the following
people or their designees: (i) the recovery court judge; (ii) the attorney for
the Commonwealth, or, where applicable, the city or county attorney who has
responsibility for the prosecution of misdemeanor offenses; (iii) the public
defender or a member of the local criminal defense bar in jurisdictions in which
there is no public defender; (iv) the clerk of the court in which the recovery
court is located; (v) a representative of the Virginia Department of
Corrections, or the Department of Juvenile Justice, or both, from the local
office which serves the jurisdiction or combination of jurisdictions; (vi) a
representative of a local community-based probation and pretrial services
agency; (vii) a local law-enforcement officer; (viii) a representative of the
Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services or a representative
of local drug treatment providers; (ix) the recovery court administrator; (x) a
representative of the Department of Social Services; (xi) county administrator
or city manager; and (xii) any other people selected by the recovery court
advisory committee.

H. Each local recovery court advisory committee shall establish criteria for the
eligibility and participation of offenders who have been determined to be
addicted to or dependent upon drugs. Subject to the provisions of this section,
neither the establishment of a recovery court nor anything herein shall be
construed as limiting the discretion of the attorney for the Commonwealth to
prosecute any criminal case arising therein which he deems advisable to
prosecute, except to the extent the participating attorney for the Commonwealth
agrees to do so. An adult offender shall not be eligible for participation in
any recovery court established or continued in operation pursuant to this
section if any of the following conditions apply:

   1. The offender is presently charged with a felony offense or is convicted of
   a felony offense while participating in any recovery court where:
   				a. The offender carried, possessed, or used a firearm or any dangerous
   weapon specified in &#xA7; 18.2-308 during such offense;
   				b. The death or serious bodily injury of any person occurred during such
   offense; or
   				c. The use of force against any other person besides the offender occurred
   during such offense; or

   2. The offender was previously convicted as an adult of any felony offense
   that involved the use of force or attempted use of force against any person
   with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury.

I. Each recovery court advisory committee shall establish policies and
procedures for the operation of the court to attain the following goals: (i)
effective integration of drug and alcohol treatment services with criminal
justice system case processing; (ii) enhanced public safety through intensive
offender supervision and drug treatment; (iii) prompt identification and
placement of eligible participants; (iv) efficient access to a continuum of
alcohol, drug, and related treatment and rehabilitation services; (v) verified
participant abstinence through frequent alcohol and other drug testing; (vi)
prompt response to participants&#8217; noncompliance with program requirements
through a coordinated strategy; (vii) ongoing judicial interaction with each
recovery court participant; (viii) ongoing monitoring and evaluation of program
effectiveness and efficiency; (ix) ongoing interdisciplinary education and
training in support of program effectiveness and efficiency; and (x) ongoing
collaboration among recovery courts, public agencies, and community-based
organizations to enhance program effectiveness and efficiency.

J. Participation by an offender in a recovery court shall be voluntary and made
pursuant only to a written agreement entered into by and between the offender
and the Commonwealth with the concurrence of the court.

K. Nothing in this section shall preclude the establishment of substance abuse
treatment programs and services pursuant to the deferred judgment provisions of
&#xA7; 18.2-251.

L. Each offender shall contribute to the cost of the substance abuse treatment
he receives while participating in a recovery court pursuant to guidelines
developed by the recovery court advisory committee.

M. Nothing contained in this section shall confer a right or an expectation of a
right to treatment for an offender or be construed as requiring a local recovery
court advisory committee to accept for participation every offender.

N. The Office of the Executive Secretary shall, with the assistance of the state
Recovery Court Advisory Committee, develop a statewide evaluation model and
conduct ongoing evaluations of the effectiveness and efficiency of all local
recovery courts. A report of these evaluations shall be submitted to the General
Assembly by December 1 of each year. Each local recovery court advisory
committee shall submit evaluative reports to the Office of the Executive
Secretary as requested.

O. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no recovery court shall
be established subsequent to March 1, 2004, unless the jurisdiction or
jurisdictions intending or proposing to establish such court have been
specifically granted permission under the Code of Virginia to establish such
court. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to any recovery court
established on or before March 1, 2004, and operational as of July 1, 2004.

P. Subject to the requirements and conditions established by the state Recovery
Court Advisory Committee, there shall be established a recovery court in the
following jurisdictions: the City of Chesapeake and the City of Newport News.

Q. Subject to the requirements and conditions established by the state Recovery
Court Advisory Committee, there shall be established a recovery court in the
Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court for the County of Franklin,
provided that such court is funded solely through local sources.

R. Subject to the requirements and conditions established by the state Recovery
Court Advisory Committee, there shall be established a recovery court in the
City of Bristol and the County of Tazewell, provided that the court is funded
within existing state and local appropriations.

HISTORY: 2004, c. 1004; 2005, cc. 519, 602; 2006, cc. 175, 341; 2007, c. 133;
2009, cc. 205, 281, 294, 813, 840; 2010, c. 258; 2024, cc. 25, 130, 260.