                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA

ISSUES ON REVIEW (§ 2.2-4027)

The burden shall be upon the party complaining of agency action to designate and
demonstrate an error of law subject to review by the court. Such issues of law
include: (i) accordance with constitutional right, power, privilege, or
immunity, (ii) compliance with statutory authority, jurisdiction limitations, or
right as provided in the basic laws as to subject matter, the stated objectives
for which regulations may be made, and the factual showing respecting violations
or entitlement in connection with case decisions, (iii) observance of required
procedure where any failure therein is not mere harmless error, and (iv) the
substantiality of the evidentiary support for findings of fact. The
determination of such fact issue shall be made upon the whole evidentiary record
provided by the agency if its proceeding was required to be conducted as
provided in § 2.2-4009 or 2.2-4020 or, as to subjects exempted from those
sections, pursuant to constitutional requirement or statutory provisions for
opportunity for an agency record of and decision upon the evidence therein.
		In addition to any other judicial review provided by law, a small business, as
defined in subsection A of § 2.2-4007.1, that is adversely affected or
aggrieved by final agency action shall be entitled to judicial review of
compliance with the requirements of subdivision A 2 of § 2.2-4007.04 and §
2.2-4007.1 within one year following the date of final agency action.
		When the decision on review is to be made on the agency record, the duty of
the court with respect to issues of fact shall be to determine whether there was
substantial evidence in the agency record to support the agency decision. The
duty of the court with respect to the issues of law shall be to review the
agency decision de novo. The court shall enter judgment in accordance with §
2.2-4029.
		Where there is no agency record so required and made, any necessary facts in
controversy shall be determined by the court upon the basis of the agency file,
minutes, and records of its proceedings under § 2.2-4007.01 or 2.2-4019 as
augmented, if need be, by the agency pursuant to order of the court or
supplemented by any allowable and necessary proofs adduced in court except that
the function of the court shall be to determine only whether the result reached
by the agency could reasonably be said, on all such proofs, to be within the
scope of the legal authority of the agency.
		Whether the fact issues are reviewed on the agency record or one made in the
review action, the court shall take due account of the presumption of official
regularity, the experience and specialized competence of the agency, and the
purposes of the basic law under which the agency has acted.

HISTORY: 1975, c. 503, § 9-6.14:17; 1989, c. 601; 2001, c. 844; 2005, cc. 619,
682; 2007, cc. 873, 916; 2013, c. 619.