                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA

RISK-LIMITING AUDITS (§ 24.2-671.2)

A. For the purposes of this section:
			&#8220;Contested race&#8221; means an election for an office where more names
appear on the ballot then there are vacancies to be filled or a statewide
referendum or proposed constitutional amendment.
			&#8220;Risk limit&#8221; means the largest probability that the risk-limiting
audit will fail to correct an election outcome that differs from the outcome
that would be found by a full manual tabulation of the votes on all ballots cast
in the contested race.
			&#8220;Risk-limiting audit&#8221; means an audit protocol conducted after an
election and prior to the certification of the election results with a
pre-specified minimum probability of requiring a full hand count of votes cast
if the outcome reported by the voting system differs from the outcome that would
be found by a full hand count of the votes in a contested race. A
&#8220;risk-limiting audit&#8221; requires a hand count of randomly sampled
printed ballots that continues until there is either strong statistical evidence
that the reported outcome is correct or, in the absence of such evidence, a full
hand count of all ballots cast in the contested race that determines the
outcome.

B. Risk-limiting audits conducted pursuant to this section shall be performed by
the local electoral boards and general registrars under the supervision of the
Department and in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State Board,
including:

   1. Processes for randomly selecting contested races and determining the risk
   limit.

   2. Procedures for preparing for a risk-limiting audit, including guidelines
   for organizing ballots, selecting venues, and securing appropriate materials
   by local electoral boards and general registrars.

   3. Procedures for ballot custody, accounting, security, and written record
   retention that ensure that the collection of cast ballots from which samples
   are drawn is complete and accurate throughout the audit.

   4. Procedures for hand counting of the audited ballots.

   5. Processes and methods for conducting the risk-limiting audit.

   6. Procedures for ensuring transparency and understanding of the process by
   participants and the public, including guidelines for direct observation by
   members of the public, representatives of the candidates involved in the
   risk-limiting audit, and representatives of the political parties.

C. The Department shall provide that the following risk-limiting audits be
conducted:

   1. In the year of a general election for members of the United States House of
   Representatives, a risk-limiting audit of at least one randomly selected
   contested race for such office;

   2. In the year of a general election for members of the General Assembly, a
   risk-limiting audit of at least one randomly selected contested race for such
   office;

   3. In any year in which there is not a general election for a statewide
   office, a risk-limiting audit of at least one randomly selected contested race
   for a local office, including constitutional offices, for which certification
   by the State Board is required under &#xA7; 24.2-680; and

   4. In any year, any other risk-limiting audit of a contested race that is
   necessary to ensure that each locality participates in a risk-limiting audit
   of an office within its jurisdiction at least once every five years or that
   the State Board finds appropriate. Such audits must be approved by at least a
   two-thirds majority vote of all members of the Board.

D. A local electoral board may request that the State Board approve the conduct
of a risk-limiting audit for a contested race within the local electoral
board&#8217;s jurisdiction. The state board shall promulgate regulations for
submitting such requests. The State Board shall grant an extension of the local
electoral board&#8217;s certification deadline under &#xA7; 24.2-671 as
necessary to accommodate the conduct of a risk-limiting audit conducted pursuant
to this subsection. The Department may count a risk-limiting audit conducted
pursuant to this subsection toward the requirement in subdivision C 4.

E. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections C and D, no contested race
shall be selected to receive a risk-limiting audit if the tabulation of the
unofficial result for the contested race shows a difference of not more than one
percent of the total vote cast for the top two candidates.

F. Upon the tabulation of the unofficial results of an election, the State Board
shall determine, in accordance with subsection C, all the contested races for
that election that will receive a risk-limiting audit and shall set the risk
limit to be applied in such audits. As soon as practicable after selection of
the contests to be audited, the Department shall publish a notice of the
contested races in accordance with the requirements for public meetings in
&#xA7; 2.2-3707. The Department shall provide support to local electoral boards
and general registrars in preparing to hold the risk-limiting audits.

G. The local electoral board and general registrar shall conduct a risk-limiting
audit within their jurisdiction at the date, time, and location noticed by the
Department. At least one member of the local electoral board representing each
party shall participate in the risk-limiting audit and be present for the
duration of the risk-limiting audit when ballots are being selected and counted
and calculations are being made. All risk-limiting audits shall be conducted in
a place and manner that is open to the public. At the conclusion of a
risk-limiting audit, all audit materials, including ballots and any records
generated during the course of the audit, shall be delivered to the clerk of the
circuit court and retained as election materials pursuant to &#xA7; 24.2-668.

H. The local electoral board in coordination with the general registrar shall
promptly report the results of a risk-limiting audit of any contested races
subject to &#xA7; 24.2-680 in their jurisdiction to the Department. The results
of any risk-limiting audit for a local contested race shall also be retained by
the local electoral board. At the conclusion of each risk-limiting audit
requiring certification by the State Board, the Department shall submit to the
State Board a report, which shall include all data generated by the
risk-limiting audit and all information required to confirm that the
risk-limiting audit was conducted in accordance with the procedures adopted by
the State Board. The Department shall publish the results of all risk-limiting
audits pursuant to this section on the Department&#8217;s website.

I. If a risk-limiting audit of a contested race escalates to a full hand count,
the results of the hand count shall be used to certify the election in lieu of
the tabulation of the unofficial results obtained prior to the conduct of the
risk-limiting audit. A full hand count conducted pursuant to this section shall
not be construed as a recount under Chapter 8 (&#xA7; 24.2-800 et seq.). Nothing
in this section shall be construed to limit the rights of a candidate under
Chapter 8.

HISTORY: 2022, cc. 443, 444.