                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA

DETERMINING ATTRIBUTION (§ 59.1-502.13)

a. An electronic authentication, display, message, record, or performance is
attributed to a person if it was the act of the person or its electronic agent,
or if the person is bound by it under agency or other law. The party relying on
attribution of an electronic authentication, display, message, record, or
performance to another person has the burden of establishing attribution.

b. The act of a person may be shown in any manner, including a showing of the
efficacy of an attribution procedure that was agreed to or adopted by the
parties or established by law.

c. The effect of an electronic act attributed to a person under subsection (a)
is determined from the context at the time of its creation, execution, or
adoption, including the parties&#8217; agreement, if any, or otherwise as
provided by law.

d. If an attribution procedure exists to detect errors or changes in an
electronic authentication, display, message, record, or performance, and was
agreed to or adopted by the parties or established by law, and one party
conformed to the procedure but the other party did not, and the nonconforming
party would have detected the change or error had that party also conformed, the
effect of noncompliance is determined by the agreement but, in the absence of
agreement, the conforming party may avoid the effect of the error or change.

HISTORY: 2000, cc. 101, 996.