                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA

PENALTIES, INJUNCTIONS, AND OTHER LEGAL ACTIONS (§ 62.1-44.15:48)

A. For a land-disturbing activity that disturbs 2,500 square feet or more of
land in an area of a locality that is designated as a Chesapeake Bay
Preservation Area pursuant to the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act (§
62.1-44.15:67 et seq.), or that disturbs one acre or more of land or is part of
a larger common plan of development or sale that disturbs one acre or more of
land anywhere else in the Commonwealth:

   1. Any person who violates any applicable provision of this article or of any
   regulation, permit, or standard and specification adopted or approved by the
   Board hereunder, or who fails, neglects, or refuses to comply with any order
   of the Board, or a court, issued as herein provided, shall be subject to a
   civil penalty pursuant to &#xA7; 62.1-44.32. The court shall direct that any
   penalty be paid into the state treasury and deposited by the State Treasurer
   into the Stormwater Local Assistance Fund established pursuant to &#xA7;
   62.1-44.15:29.1.

   2. Any person who violates any applicable provision of this article, or any
   ordinance adopted pursuant to this article, including those adopted pursuant
   to the conditions of an MS4 permit, or any condition of a local
   land-disturbance approval, or who fails, neglects, or refuses to comply with
   any order of a locality serving as a VESMP authority or a court, issued as
   herein provided, shall be subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $32,500 for
   each violation within the discretion of the court. Each day of violation of
   each requirement shall constitute a separate offense. Such civil penalties
   shall be paid into the treasury of the locality in which the violation
   occurred and are to be used solely for stormwater management capital projects,
   including (i) new stormwater best management practices; (ii) stormwater best
   management practice maintenance, inspection, or retrofitting; (iii) stream
   restoration; (iv) low-impact development projects; (v) buffer restoration;
   (vi) pond retrofitting; and (vii) wetlands restoration.
   				Where the violator is the locality itself, or its agent, the court shall
   direct the penalty to be paid into the state treasury and deposited by the
   State Treasurer into the Stormwater Local Assistance Fund established pursuant
   to &#xA7; 62.1-44.15:29.1.

B. For a land-disturbing activity that disturbs an area measuring not less than
10,000 square feet but less than one acre in an area that is not designated as a
Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area pursuant to the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act
(§ 62.1-44.15:67 et seq.) and is not part of a larger common plan of
development or sale that disturbs one acre or more of land:

   1. Any person who violates any applicable provision of this article or of any
   regulation or order of the Board issued pursuant to this article, or any
   condition of a land-disturbance approval issued by the Board, or fails to
   obtain a required land-disturbance approval, shall be subject to a civil
   penalty not to exceed $5,000 for each violation with a limit of $50,000 within
   the discretion of the court in a civil action initiated by the Board. Each day
   during which the violation is found to have existed shall constitute a
   separate offense. In no event shall a series of specified violations arising
   from the same operative set of facts result in civil penalties that exceed a
   total of $50,000. The court shall direct the penalty to be paid into the state
   treasury and deposited by the State Treasurer into the Stormwater Local
   Assistance Fund established pursuant to &#xA7; 62.1-44.15:29.1.

   2. Any locality serving as a VESMP authority shall adopt an ordinance
   providing that a violation of any ordinance or provision of its program
   adopted pursuant to this article, or any condition of a land-disturbance
   approval, shall be subject to a civil penalty. Such ordinance shall provide
   that any person who violates any applicable provision of this article or any
   ordinance or order of a locality issued pursuant to this article, or any
   condition of a land-disturbance approval issued by the locality, or fails to
   obtain a required land-disturbance approval, shall be subject to a civil
   penalty not to exceed $5,000 for each violation with a limit of $50,000 within
   the discretion of the court in a civil action initiated by the locality. Each
   day during which the violation is found to have existed shall constitute a
   separate offense. In no event shall a series of specified violations arising
   from the same operative set of facts result in civil penalties that exceed a
   total of $50,000. Any civil penalties assessed by a court shall be paid into
   the treasury of the locality wherein the land lies and used pursuant to
   subdivision A 2, except that where the violator is the locality itself, or its
   agent, the court shall direct the penalty to be paid into the state treasury
   and deposited by the State Treasurer into the Stormwater Local Assistance Fund
   established pursuant to &#xA7; 62.1-44.15:29.1.

C. The violation of any provision of this article may also result in the
following sanctions:

   1. The Board may seek an injunction, mandamus, or other appropriate remedy
   pursuant to &#xA7; 62.1-44.23. A locality serving as a VESMP authority may
   apply to the appropriate court in any jurisdiction wherein the land lies to
   enjoin a violation or a threatened violation of the provisions of a local
   ordinance or order or the conditions of a local land-disturbance approval. Any
   person violating or failing, neglecting, or refusing to obey any injunction,
   mandamus, or other remedy obtained pursuant to this article shall be subject,
   in the discretion of the court, to a civil penalty that shall be assessed and
   used in accordance with the provisions of subsection A or B, as applicable.

   2. The Board or a locality serving as a VESMP authority may use the criminal
   provisions provided in &#xA7; 62.1-44.32.

HISTORY: 1989, cc. 467, 499, § 10.1-603.14; 2004, c. 372; 2006, c. 171; 2012,
cc. 785, 819; 2013, cc. 756, 793; 2016, cc. 68, 758.