                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA

WHEN PROOF IS UNNECESSARY UNLESS AFFIDAVIT FILED; HANDWRITING; OWNERSHIP;
PARTNERSHIP OR INCORPORATION (§ 8.01-279)

A. Except as otherwise provided by &#xA7; 8.3A-308, when any pleading alleges
that any person made, endorsed, assigned, or accepted any writing, no proof of
the handwriting shall be required, unless it be denied by an affidavit
accompanying the plea putting it in issue.

B. When any pleading alleges that any person, partnership, corporation, or
unincorporated association at a stated time, owned, operated, or controlled any
property or instrumentality, no proof of the fact alleged shall be required
unless an affidavit be filed with the pleading putting it in issue, denying
specifically and with particularity that such property or instrumentality was,
at the time alleged, so owned, operated, or controlled.

C. When parties sue or are sued as partners, and their names are set forth in
the pleading, or when parties sue or are sued as a corporation, it shall not be
necessary to prove the fact of the partnership or incorporation unless with the
pleading which puts the matter in issue there be filed an affidavit denying such
partnership or incorporation.

HISTORY: Code 1950, §§ 8-114 to 8-116; 1954, c. 333; 1958, c. 66; 1964, c.
219; 1977, c. 617.