                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA

WARRANTY OF TITLE AND AGAINST INFRINGEMENT; BUYER&#8217;S OBLIGATION AGAINST
INFRINGEMENT (§ 8.2-312)

1. Subject to subsection (2) there is in a contract for sale a warranty by the
seller that

   a. the title conveyed shall be good, and its transfer rightful; and

   b. the goods shall be delivered free from any security interest or other lien
   or encumbrance of which the buyer at the time of contracting has no knowledge.

2. A warranty under subsection (1) will be excluded or modified only by specific
language or by circumstances which give the buyer reason to know that the person
selling does not claim title in himself or that he is purporting to sell only
such right or title as he or a third person may have.

3. Unless otherwise agreed a seller who is a merchant regularly dealing in goods
of the kind warrants that the goods shall be delivered free of the rightful
claim of any third person by way of infringement or the like but a buyer who
furnishes specifications to the seller must hold the seller harmless against any
such claim which arises out of compliance with the specifications.

HISTORY: 1964, c. 219.